The Demon in the Free

The Demon in the deep-freeze EssayI. The Other Side of the Moon1. Peter Jahrling precious to work with the variola major com limiter virus because he wanted to be in efforts to create a national stockpile. He could not believe that the vaccine was not enough for a bioterror attack on the United States. He wanted to find a cure for the disease.2. In April, the Institute of Medicine issued a report saying that if the world wanted to befool a new vaccine or an antiviral drug for smallsyph indeed the virus would occupy to be kept for scientific look intos. President Bill Clinton had personally favored the destruction, only if after interpret the report changed his mind. The White House now endorsed keeping the stocks. A month later the WHO voted to keep variola major alive for another three years until June 30th, 2002.II. A Wo world With A Peaceful Mind1.During an experiment, Lisa was memory a pair of blunt childrens scissors grip with her rubber space suit gloves. She wa s trying to blunt a bottle by prying on a tab with the scissors. Suddenly they slipped and the tip of the scissors jammed into the middle finger of her right glove. She mat a stab of pain near her fingernail.III. thermo thermonuclear Pox1.The experiment that the Australians presented was they were trying to use a virus to try to cut down populations of mice. They had been infecting mice with an engineered snarfpox virus that was supposed to make the mice sterile. But the engineered hookpox had wiped egress the mice. Jahrling and Moyer uneasy about this line of research because the Australians had engineered a pox virus that could overwhelm the vaccine and they had done it by putting a single gene from the mouse into the virus. One mouse gene into the pox. They realized that the virus had taken down immunized animals and bioterrorists could use this.IV. topsy-turvyness in Level 41.Lisa and her group were inoculating imps with contrary put outs of smallpox. They were puttin g it into the bloodsteams of the goldbricks and they use higher points. Jahrling felt that if a billion particles of the smallpox didnt give a monkey a disease of about sort, then nature would be telling us that variola was not going to go into both species except man.2.Lisa worked in a corridor of the sub-subbasement. She was in a Level 4 bea because that was where the smallpox and the monkeys were quarantined.3.The monkey-model team consisted of Peter Jahrling, John Huggins, Lisa Hensley, and an Army veterinary pathologist named Mark Martinez. There was also an animal c aretaker named crowd together Stockman and two veterinary technicians named Joshua and Rafael and a biologist named Louise Pitt.4.First the monkeys were exposed to Harper, then Dumbell 7124 (India strain).5.First, the Harper smallpox was blown into the air around Monkey C099s head. Then he got it inserted into a vein in his second joint and he received one billion infective particles of Harper smallpox.6.Bef ore they had used a lower dose and they had given the virus to the monkeys through the air. This time, they also put it into the bloodstreams of the monkeys.V. Demon Eyes1.Eight monkeys were given the Harper or India strains. There were seven of them that died (six from hemorrhagic smallpox and one from classical pustular smallpox). Harper was the only survivor.2.The scientists bonded with monkey C099 because that monkey had been sacrificed as a result of their experiments and unlike the other monkeys, he didnt die naturally (they put him to sleep).3.The necropsy room was used to perform a post-mortem exam in privacy so no other animal of the same species can observe.4.5.The one monkey that survived was put to death because protocol of the experiment required the euthanasia of all animals in order to gather more data on the set up of smallpox. I wouldve done the same thing because if the virus had spread through the monkeys body, it would form suffered unnecessarily, seeing how th e other monkeys died from macrocosm infected just as he was being to. They put the monkey out of his misery.VI. Demon Eyes 1.An anthrax cell is similar to a virus because when it comes into contact with lymph or blood, it cracks open and germinates and turns into a rod-shaped cell. It is different because unlike a virus it is alive. It uses its own machinery to makes copies of itself.2.Tom Geisbert believed the anthrax spores were man made because he observed that something was clinging to the spores. When he turned up the beam the goop began to spread out of the spores. The spores had something in them like an additive.3.The anthrax may have infected and killed the postal workers because it was continuously handled by umpteen workers. The envelopes were squeezed through the mail sorting machines which made the anthrax pores start to leak through the letters of the pores.4.The Daschle letter had gone through the Hamilton facility en route to Brentwood.5.The Daschle anthrax may hav e come from Iraq just now the savours theyd seen from Iraq were completely different. The Iraqi had been mixed with bentonite and these spores didnt have clay in them.6.Ken Alibek defected to the United States from Russia. He revealed to the US Government that a panoramic vista of Biopreparat, as well as an advanced bioweapons computer programme in Russia that was broken into secret compartments.7.Ken Alibek suggests that biological weapons are more beneficial than nuclear weapons because while nuclear weapons destroy eitherthing, biological weapons are more beneficial because they destroy full of life activity (people).8.The concept of vital activity was demonstrated when he the jar containing a surrogate of a weaponized brain virus called VEE, which travelled easily in the air. Depending on the altitude of the dispersal of the contents, the particles could travel close to l miles (this could be used with anthrax mixed with smallpox).9.Geisbert discovered two extra elements i n the anthrax spores silicon and oxygen.10.The EPA spent an estimated 30 million dollars decontaminating the Brentwood mail facility.11.There were five homicides in the Amerithrax case.12.The difference between a K and Q collected sample of evidence is that a Q sample comes from an unknown source and can be matched to known samples. K samples are reference samples that are fully identified.13.The Amerithrax (Ames) strain came from a dead cow in Texas in 1981 and it finish up in the labs at USAMRIID. The fact that the Maerithrax strain wasnt military pointed to a home-grown American terrorist quite of a foreign source. This helped to turn the focus of the investigation to wihin the United States.14.The FBI still believed that al-Qaeda had something to do with the Ames strain because Mohammed Atta (who was the operational leader of the hijackers), made inquiries at airports in Florida about renting crop-dusting airplanes (he probably wanted to spray something from the air).15.The i nvestigation of Dr. Steven Hatfill was completely justified, although how the FBI handled it through the media was wrong. Hatfill clearly had a reputation and experience in the scientific community when it came to the knowledge to carry out such an attack. He had a storage facility in Florida and had access to a cabin in a remote party of Maryland. He even had a secret-level security and he was close with Ken Alibek and Bill Patrick (two men with anthrax ma office experience).Hatfill even licensed Patrick to write a study on the effects of anthrax mailed in letters. Patrick worked out a scenerio in which a letter containing two grams of dry anthrax spores was opened inside an office building. The FBI had all reason to believe that he was a person of interest, til now the leaks to the media were unnecessary, because Hatfills life story was basically because of being investigated. I strongly feel like in that respect was no need for the media to be present everytime his domicil or cabin or office was raided and samples were taken out. The FBI wanted to show the public that they were doing their job effectively, but at the same time they didnt have to use Hatfill as their scapegoat because his life and career were ruined as a result.16. A bioreactor (also called an STLV) was developed at NASA. You can grow human tissues in it and then infect them. Using a device like this can test new drugs against smallpox and other exotic diseases that could not be tested ethically in people.17.Dr. Alfred Sommer was enraged about the smallpox research that Peter Jahrling conducted with monkeys because he believes that smallpox could have been eradicated completely if the stocks had been all destroyed. He believes that the biggest danger of Jahrlings research was it would look suspicious to other countries and would encourage them to do their own experimentation.18.D.A. Henderson believed Jahrlings work could not lead to the development of new drugs or vaccines against sma llpox because what was really needed was an inhaled dose of smallpox in a monkey to test a vaccine, since people inhale the virus.VII. Superpox 1.A recombinant virus is a virus that has been engineered in the laboratory.2.Interleukin-4 is produced by the immune system because it fights off an infection by stimulating the production of antibodies.3.Cellular immunity is provided by numerous kinds of white blood cells.4.If the gene for IL-4 is added to a poxvirus, it will cause the virus to make IL-4. It starts communicate the immune system of the host, which becomes confused and starts making more antibodies.5.The genetically engineered mousepox is compared to AIDS because it seems to create a king of instant AIDS-like immune suppression in a mouse right at the moment when the mouse needs this type of immunity the most to fight off an exploding pox infection.6.There are two shipway to shoot a mouse against mousepox. One way is to infect it with natural mousepox. The other way is to vaccinate the mouse with the smallpox vaccine.7.The Australian scientists found that mice immunized with natural mousepox become completely immune to IL-4 mousepox, however it was different because the IL-4 mousepox crashed through the smallpox vaccine, killing the mice they had previously vaccinated.8.Scientists should definitely be allowed to create a supervirus, as long as they are doing so for scientific reasons. If in that respect was a complete ban on scientific experimentation that may lead to the creation of superviruses, then at the same time there wouldnt be vaccines created. Before the Eradication began, there were two million people dying every year. Those doctors who ended the virus as a natural disease ended up saving fifty to sixty million human lives. Those who end up getting the short end of the stick (if there is no creation of superviruses and vaccines) are the people living in third world nations, where medical vaccinations are not readily available.On the flip side, if scientists are given free reign to create superviruses whenever they want, then that will ultimately lead to biological warfare with countries threatening each other. This can lead to determent and blackmailing of smaller nations, who may not be able to compete and keep up. There need to be strict guidelines governing viruses (like smallpox) that countries create and expand on.Last month, Australia was in the news because scientists there had genetically limited the virus that causes smallpox. They managed to create a new strain that had caused the death of all the animals involved in the study. What makes this different from what I read in the book is that the new virus was done with mice that had been previously immunized. This is a shivery possibility because there are countries out there that are still looking to improve on the smallpox virus.