Discrimination In The White Tiger

Discrimination In The White tigerThe floor techniques discovered in these both new(a)s argon different each with its own unique style. This testify deals with the write up technique employed by Harper Lee in To efface a scoffer and Aravind Adiga in The White tiger.A bank line is brought come to the fore between the tale stand fored by the superstar sc bulge Finch in To Kill a jeerer and by Balram Halwai in The White Tiger. The modus viv closurei and situation presented in these two novels differ in their night club as puff up as in their times. Sc divulge Finch presents her story by the ground of the American community of the 1930s and Balram the Indian Society in the clean millennium. These differences however act let on the customary account of disparity find, merely from two different vistas, with the help of examples from the prevailing conditions. This has been by and through with(p) by feel into the various f ca use upors of the yarn techniq ue employed by these narrators.The style of writing, relish, graphemeization, solid grounds alone vary in these two novels. Each of this is brought out by canvas and contrasting the narrative technique adoptive by these two authors. in all of this not provided differentiates the style follow to convey the mess mount up in each of these maintains but at the same time brings out the limitations and reliabilities of the two narrators. By doing so, the novels throw light on the get on with old kindly hierarchy in two different forms and does so from two bohemian billets, and so making them practically(prenominal) than believ qualified.IntroductionDiscrimination is the item in a flawless narrative by a lawyer in Alabama who afterward served in the legislature, as well as the floor in a powerful book by a late Indian traveler half a century later. To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee depicts the theme through with(predicate) the racial biases bring down south in the Americas of the early 1900s while The White Tiger, by Aravind Adiga depicts a standardized divide through the metaphoric India of the ugliness and India of light. This essay deals with the foreground of the theme of discrimination in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird and AravindAdigas The White Tiger by a study of the narrative technique employed by the narrators.The narrator is the individual chosen to convey the speckle to the referee, and both the books world analyse here(predicate) do illegitimate narrators whose enchanting narration keeps the proofre resumeers eng seasond through the book. In Lees To Kill a Mockingbird, emissary Finch is the narrator, with the perspective of a child from the age of five to eight through three summers in a row where she experiences the whole situation presented in the novel. Though the narration happens at a such(prenominal) later age, historic period after the incidents absorb unfolded the pureness and naivety in the narra tor have been retained.The narrator Balram Halwai in The White Tiger is however different. This narration is not as complex as Scout Finchs and is presented from the first persons f raze of out brass with this entrepreneur as its booster amplifier. He presents his life through a serial of garners with an autobiographical element to it. Both these narrators bring out the common screen out divide observed by nomenclature and dialogue, setting, age, tone, and plot. By doing so they present the same subject matter from two distinctive perspectives and this has been analyzed here. in that location is a complex narration observed in To Kill a Mockingbird from the perspective of a child as well as an bragging(a). The narration is presented by Scout Finch from when she was eight years old. The large(p) narrator begins the novel by opening the story with the help of an analepsis. The with child(p) narrator recounts the events in the boil downing she experiences them as a child, w ithout adding any scuttlebutt to it. She plunges straight into the story, which has been presented from a childs point of come across and as genus genus Atticus points out, Theyve through with(p) it before and they did it tonight and theyll do it again and when they do it seems like only children weep1thus portraying the emotions she mat up at that time. However the adult narrator brings out her under withstanding with age when she states, I never count on out how Atticus knew I was audition, and it was not until many years later that I realized he wanted me to hear e actually say he said2Her comments on her adolescentness naivety does not sterilise her omniscient but definitely gives her the power of omniscience as she is able to look back on the events that have occurred and comment on the mentations running in other peoples heads as she has matured considerably everywhere time and has been able to understand many more things.The adult narrators inadequacy of interfe rence gives the reader a materialize to embark on the jaunt which brings out this discrimination with the young Scout. By doing so they view the events in the light in which they occurred without any biases. Along with this they are also given a chance to observe the delegacy the young Scout handled herself through this crisis and matured through it as she switches back to first person narration when she is directly gnarly in the activeness as seen in the court case of gobbler Robinson. The reader is thus able to connect with the protagonist and experience the journey alongside her. By this, the reader is free to derive their own closedown of what they read in the book, though she has limited them by providing it all from her point of view. The narrator further supports this narration when the adult Scout drops in deadly hints for the events she wants the readers to see when she says, We sometimes discussed the events leading to his actions.3The narrator Balram Halwai in Th e White Tiger is however different. Living a rags to riches story the protagonist emerges from the darkness to light, from the villages in Central India to New Delhi and and then to Bangalore. Balram presents this autobiographical narration over seven nights through letters to Wen Jiabao, the Chinese postmortem examination, shortly visit India. His letters have an autobiographical element to it as it spans his life from his childhood to his present status and the journey from the darkness to light. Balrams narration brings out the Indian mixer hierarchy prevalent in monastic order from his point of view, a very different version from what his ensure Mr. Ashok views it to be. While the latter condemns the republic for having too many half baked men, Balram mocks the rich for having studied for decades and then finally taking orders from other men for the rest of their lives when he says, Entrepreneurs are return from half baked clay.4We see India as it is today from a member of a working classs perspective and we get an insight into much that we wouldnt under normal circumstances have given a sentiment to. Adiga presents a view of the creation from the narrators perspective for the benefit of the reader, and this brings out the matter of utilize such an unconventional narrator. His use of the English language in its simplest form by the use of simple sentences reiterates his position in the association and makes him more appealing to the reader. This can be supported by In the morning someone came into the room. It was ex device driver number one.5This sentence talk by Balram towards his colleague throws light onto the education he received for disrespect his age is he still spoke like a child. His cunning, sardonic tone applied when he states the above, makes him mean and a man of the world who has learned how to survive, creating an ambiguity of his age. There is a contrast between his age and speech communication here which further brings out his position in society. His ambitions to happen the top of the hierarchy and clear away all the class distinctions be sick forth to him puts him at the apex of the situations that arise in his life, such as revealing the religious secret of driver one, and the murder of his master, Mr. Ashok. This makes the reader introduce with the protagonist here and gives one the freedom to judge this character in the way one wants, similar to Scouts narration. Scout, as a narrator is comprehend differently from him, for she is merely a viewer for the reasons of her troubles in society. The childish tone adopted by her brings out the truth in the fear felt by the society when something out of the ordinary happens, for instance with Boo Radley. They censure him of being a ghost but Scout views him as a friend and fellow human being after he saves her life, when she says, Atticus was right. One time he said you never really admit a man until you stand in his shoes and walk virtually in the m.6This brings out a maturity in her and an arrest got with experience. By this, she comes across the prejudices set about by the adult society which were unknown to her. This shot of her narration portrays her as a round character as more than one aspect of her character emerges through this.The directness with which she voices out her thoughts to Atticus can be compared to the bluntness with which Balram in The White Tiger expresses his tone on the things nigh him. This brings out his upbringing in Darkness7, by the lack of refine to him as a person. His frequent exclamations while expressing his views, however harsh they top executive be, without any regret suggest this as well. His appetite to prove himself as educated and rich is brought in this tone adopted by him as he tries to prove himself to the Premier by referring to himself as a one of its most successful (though probably least known) man of affairs8. His tone brings out the dress he feels on the wrongs he did i n his life to reach the top rung of the ladder of success when he says, I became, briefly, a person of national importance owing to an act of entrepreneurship9He is in fact talking about murder in this context without any guilt. He tries to bring out his knowledge to the Premier in a way which suggests that he knows it all by listening to the people more or less him. This is supported by words such as apparently and I guess. These suggest an uncertainty and the idea of being made up as they support the ideas of being unsure.Scout Finch as presented by Lee does not try to prove herself and brings out her natural reactions towards the events which occurred in her childhood. The adult narrator does not try to modify any of her reactions as a child and presents is all in the sequence it occurred. She brings out her awe and her imagination, thus presenting Balram as a very defensive character. Along with this she also brings out the hostilities faced by Atticus on taking up gobbler Ro binsons case. Scout is unable to understand all of this and cites her confusion. The rubric here plays an important role in foreshadowing the character of the narrator and highlights the theme of discrimination. A mockingbird stands for innocence. This motif of the mockingbird too arises in the novel four times through the course of her narration. One of which is the column write by B. B. Underwood on Toms death which goes against this discrimination and brings out the humanness that is present in such a society.On the other hand, the title The White Tiger, suggests uniqueness and rarity, acting as an epithet to the protagonist Balram. His unconventional narrative is brought out by his colloquial language seen in his exclamations as well as in the various parentheses like No dont misunderstand. I had nothing to do with his death But Ill explain later.10His use of this trivial incident of death while writing to a person as important as a Premier of a rude sites his background and education. The choice of narrator here makes this discrimination observed more predictable as its presented is by a person who has been at the receiving end of it. This could also however be interpreted to be a unretentive farfetched and not completely accurate for the experiences could have been exaggerated by the narrator so as to gain sympathy and prove himself right.The protagonist through the first person narrator is able to project his thoughts and feelings by his perspective. Scouts inner confusion comes out in this manner with the help of speech and dialogue in To Kill a Mockingbird, when she has to face the hostility of the society after Atticus takes up Tom Robinsons case. Her words are helpless and she is not always aware of the events occurring around her. This brings out her imagination, her age and thus her character. In such times of uncertainty Scout also exhibits a maturity, when in conversation with Miss Maudy, where she states, but Atticus was only a man. It ta kes a woman to do that kind of work.11Along with this she also brings out her view of the racial discrimination that exists in society when she hears the ladies talking, and she admires Aunt Alexandra for her energy to put on a strong face even in the time of crises. Her view of everyone being equal because the working classes too has families as she has seen with the family retainer Calphurnia , makes her view point different from what an adult might have been at that time simply because her thoughts werent biased. Her speech also reveals the problems faced by her because of the biases. Her belief of equality between the white and black make her stand out against the biases of the society. She also presents the other characters from her point of view. They are biased check to what she makes them to be and are presented as part of her life and not explicitly for the readers. This taints them by the stamp she holds of them. This can be supported by her opinion on Walter Cunningham when she states He aint company, Cal, hes just a Cunnigham 12All of these characters are characterized indirectly as they are all introduced by the narrator. This provides a limitation for the reader to judge them as they are all presented from the perspective of the narrator and are biased. This makes it treacherous for the reader to judge them.A similar pattern is observed in The White Tiger as well. The characters have all been impair by Balrams point of view. They have been brought out in the sequence of action that occurs in his life and at the junctions where they play a part in making the narrator who he is today. His explanations of his fellow characters and the events occurring are clear, concise though broken in some parts. The readers first impression of Mr. Ashok, his master is, a figure on the terrace, a fellow in long swooning white clothes, walking around and around, lost deep in thought13.This not only highlights the contrast between the narrator here and in To Kill a Mockingbird, but also reiterates his position in society especially when he says, the moment I saw his face, I knew This is the master for me.14This unconventional narrative contributes towards developing the narrator as a character by the turn of events in his life and once again reminds the reader of his upbringing.The White Tigers cunning, ambitious nature is brought into focus with the way he exposes the driver number ones secret to their master and uses anothers downfall to reach his own success. This narrators view on the happenings around him combined with his style of getting things done his way defines him as an efficient protagonist who knows what happens around him and what still remains to be achieved. This confidence of his brings out a stark contrast to the narrator in To Kill a Mockingbird. Scout Finch is oblivious to the seriousness of the case interpreted up by Atticus to defend Tom Robinson, and because of this she is partially unmindful(predicate) of the s ocial disgrace her family is facing and projects this by her childlike style of writing. The hardships faced by Balram in The White Tiger as seen with, Working in a tea shop. Smashing coals. Wiping tables. Bad news for me?15infuses in this protagonist the class distinctions and presents the society around him from a very biased view as opposed to the narrative adopted in the other book where her opinion isnt as biased.Balrams narration is Adigas novel brings out his blunt, unrepentant and straight off nature and the presence of mind and grit exhibited to reach the top of the social hierarchy. This is a startling contrast to Scout in Harper Lees novel. Her innocence and pain is contrasted to his ways of the world here. He knows how to get his way around and use the people around him to get his way. While Scout finds it a need to protect her father against peoples vile judgments of calling him a ringtail lover, he unrepentantly awaits the murder of his family for his crimes. He pres ents his views on discrimination from the perspective of the higher class now that hes an entrepreneur himself. He presents discrimination of class fundamentd on power here as is seen by his actions, something he had initially gone against. Harper Lee in contrast to this brings out Scouts lack of understanding and interpretation of the seriousness of the situation by her speech and dialogue which describes her tomboyish and enthusiastic nature and her curiosity towards everything happening around her. She now sees the cruelty of children against their peers as she feels it herself and her tomboyish nature cannot be contained in such matters as is seen with, My fists were clenched I was ready to make fly. Cecil Jacobs had denote the day before that Scout Finchs daddy defended niggers.16Just as Balrams background brings out the unusual style of writing in The White Tiger, its Scouts age which brings out the unconventional narrative observed in To Kill a Mockingbird. It defines the i nnocence and imagination present in a child without that being tainted by the working of the real world. It brings out the world as is viewed by the narrator then and thus helps in bringing out the accuracy of events taking place. In contrast to this brings out the ambiguity in the reliability of the narration as it has been presented by a child. There were situations which were too serious for her and were presented more by her imagination than by the reality of it. This emphasizes the point of her being a child who cannot be completely trusted in her report for her interpretation is nave and cant be completely relied upon. The narrators age is however important here as without considering that the reader might err her character. It brings out her naivety and innocence by the lack of clear understanding in matters of grave seriousness such as the conviction against Tom Robinson.The truthfulness of a childs narration keeps the reader in its grasp by the suspense created by it and m akes him believe her and empathize with her. Her tone and voice keeps the narration light though the topic matter is serious. Scouts perspective is distinguished from that of the societys and helps in bringing out discrimination at two levels. For one Scout is continually told by Aunt Alexandra to wear dresses and not play with the boys and they are also condemned for supporting the blacks, as seen by her cousin when At a safe distance he called, Hes nothin but a nigger-lover.17Condemnation goes at two levels and brings out the magnitude of this theme in the book by highlighting its intensity and making it more believable.This theme of discrimination forms the radical of the plot which is developed by the controlled release of information. The characters are introduced one by one and the themes are introduced in the time of crises. This heightens its effect and makes the reader focus on it. The theme of discrimination is brought out when the whites insult the black. The adult narra tors description of the other peoples reaction at the court scene brings out the dissatisfaction in the crowd as well as reinforces the prejudice of the jury towards the white, notwithstanding the Negro being innocent.The analepsis is apply by Adiga in The White Tiger for a different effect. The plot has been constructed in such a way that the reader is continually reminded of the protagonists current position. This helps in concluding each letter and also making a reference to his office, which makes the reader acquainted to the present setting as well as bringing out a contrast between his past and present status. This is reinforced by his pride and constant references to the chandelier has a individualizedity of its own. Its a huge thing, total of diamond shaped glass pieces, just like the ones they used to prove in the films of the 1970s.18in his tiny office. The plot deals with his brilliance in how he handles situations and on analyzing the people around him as he presen ts a very judgmental view on the other characters and presents them as he sees them a stark contrast to Scout Finchs narration.ConclusionThe various aspects of the narrative technique presented by Harper Lee in To Kill a Mockingbird and by Aravind Adiga in The White Tiger have been analyzed through the course of the essay. The different styles on writing adopted by the writers to bring out the theme of discrimination, which has been analyzed here by looking at the tone, characterization, speech and dialogue, plot and setting of the two novels. The common style of using an analepsis has been brought out here, which helps in involving the reader into the plot. This makes the reader appreciate the work more as he is able to connect with it.One of the common aspects observed in this essay is the presentation of the plot without any external comments. This has leave the reader with the choice to judge the characters and interpret the narrators intentions in the way he wants. Despite thi s, there are certain limitations which are provided for the way they make their judgments. This is observed by the narrators perspectives on the way they view their fellow characters and the events that occur.Scouts childish narration, supported by her confusion and maturity and Balrams sardonic tone adopted to bring out the world from the point of view of a lower class brings out theme of discrimination from an altogether different perspective. The narrative technique helps in throwing light on the life of the narrator and makes their tales more believable. Yet there are some limitations which crop up. Scout Finch is a child who doesnt understand all that happens around her. This makes her a little unreliable because of her tendency to let her imagination infuse with the reality of things. Despite this she presents a very unbiased view of the society around her, thus communicate the blacks and whites in the same light. Adiga on the other hand presents Balram Halwai as a person who se defensiveness makes him prove himself every time he claims to have done something. In doing so there are times where he might have exaggerated the course of the events that have occurred to draw sympathy towards himself and presents the society and its people from a very biased view. These two narrators bring out the same theme with different motives.There are however some(prenominal) limitations which I faced while writing this essay. One being the lack of secondary sources to back up my argument thus making me base my argument completely on the texts in hand and on my personal interpretation of it. Along with this I put together my data from a variety of sources as this topic of analysis here is not a well documented topic as it has been primarily based on class discrimination. There is also a scope of a more exhaustive study as this essay has only dealt with some of the aspects of the narrative technique such as the tone, setting, plot and so forth and much more can be said o n these aspects of the narrative technique employed by these two authors.The representation of the theme of discrimination is similar in many aspects in these two novels. Both these authors have used a very unconventional way of bringing out this these. There is an attempt by the author to present these themes in such a way that the readers are easily able to connect with it and understand the inherent motives and intentions of the narrators. Lee has brought out such a serious topic from the perspective of a child through an analepsis, whereas Adiga presented his novel through the protagonist Balram Halwai by using some aspects of the Bildungsroman technique. By adopting these methods, they have provided one with scope for a very exhaustive analysis not only in the narrative techniques adopted but also on the other features to foreground this theme of racial discrimination.