Quotes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quotes - Essay Example However, there is still a life which goes on behind bars and a continuation of life which should be supported. While a prisoner is certainly placed under boundaries of law, s/he does not stop being a human being and it must be noted that s/he has the same right to be treated humanely and with as much importance as those who are not with him/her in prison. The treatments and the rights are controlled by those who are supposed to manage prisons and things such as college degree earning program for prisoners can improve conditions for many prisoners. Instead of simply waiting for their time in prison to pass, they can be educated and taught to enhance their abilities and as a ‘captive’ audience, they would be receptive to the education which is given to them. Simply put, with the program, the prison system can put out educated college graduates while without the program the prison system is only putting out ex-convicts. All true stories become unbelievable as soon as we are told that they are true story or the events which are told to us are based on a true story. While we accept them as the truth, the element of disbelief and wonder is not taken away and we have to keep reminding ourselves that the story itself is true. We can certainly find examples of such stories in the media and even in anecdotes that we tell each other. For example, a baby that survives a burning building, a child who is able to beat grandmasters at chess, a person fighting against unbelievable odds, social stigma as well as other barriers that have been placed in his/her part and becoming successful in their endeavors. Most recently, we saw true events unfold in front of us as jetliners were used by terrorist as weapons against America. However, I feel that the most unbelievable true stories are the ones which take place everyday around us but are simply not reported. For example, a young high school student that does not take

The historical and institutional factors Essay Example for Free

The historical and institutional factors Essay The historical and institutional factors that contributed to the differences between the current German party system and the one that existed under the Weimar Republic One of the first major ways in which the current German party differs from that of the Weimar republic concerns the way in which democracy was formed. Whilst the current system was created through a constitution that received the respect and support of all the political parties concerned, the Weimar Republic was formed as a direct result of Germany’s defeat during the second world war. Although the Weimar Republic attempted to create a democratic Germany the economic downturn caused by the repercussions of the First World War entailed that it was difficult for political developments to take hold. The Germany politicians were forced to accept of the Versailles Treaty in 1911 and the inclusion of the ‘War Guilt Clause’ led to compulsory reparations to be paid to the alies. The agreement to this treaty caused a major split between the political parties and the extreme right were able to utiilise this to create an unstable political system. A further difference between the two political entities can be observed in the economic backdrop to their position. Not only did the Versaille Treaty have a crippling effect on the German economy, they were heavily dependent on foreign investment, loans and economic prosperity from the United States. In this vulnerable position the Weimar Republic’s existence was reliant on outside investment, which came crashing to a halt during the Wall Street crash of 1929. Post Wall Street Germany was a country that suffered from mass unemployment, homelessness and hunger and was crippled economically and, by 1933, the economy stood on the brink of collapse, with an economy which should, realistically, have long since declared itself bankrupt (Frei 163). The current German party however, is operational in very different circumstances. Their economy is one of the most advanced market economies and they are largely export led (World Bank, 2007). The people of Germany have a faith in their political system that wasn’t in evidence during the time of the Weimar. Another difference between the two political entities concerns the attitudes and beliefs of the people they governed. During the times of the Weimar, the far right was extremely prominent and had great power through the support they received from the wealthy constitutents (Childers 46). Through such power they were able to instugate violences and coups. Today people more readily accept regime and acknowledge its legitimacy. Extreme right wing politics have been legislated against and radical right wing parties are banned from power. It wasn’t just economic conditions which caused the Weimar Republic to be weak. The Republic also suffered from structural weaknesses. One example of this concerned Article 48 of the constitution which conferred dictatorial powers upon the President during an emergency and did not require collaboration and agreement with the Reichstag ministers. Furthermore, the constitution installed a system of proportional representation which resulted in the multiplication of small splinter parties.This meant that a stable minority in the Reichstag was impossible and there were frequent changes in government. Works Cited: Childers, Thomas. The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Fascism in Germany, 1919-1933, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983 Total GDP 2007 World Bank. Retrieved on September 17, 2008 from http://siteresources. worldbank. org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP. pdf Frei, Norbert. National Socialist Rule in Germany. Translated by Joel Golb . New York Columbia University Press , 2002

Prison: Impact And Effects

Prison: Impact And Effects Jump to:  Theories of New Punitiveness | The Effect of Prison on the Family | The Effect of Prison on the Community  |  Conclusion Currently, the impact and effects of imprisonment, which is a means of social control, are increasingly becoming various and noticeable. This essay will first focus on the concept and the different models of social control. Then social functions, official aims of imprisonment and an example of a prison population crisis will be respectively examined in relation to sociological theories, new punitiveness and political economy, which are three main influences on imprisonment. Finally, the negative impact of imprisonment on both families and communities will be shown. Imprisonment as a concept of social control has a long history. In nineteenth century, social control paid more attention to both connecting sociology to political philosophy and settling the controversial discussions of macro-sociology (Janowitz, 1975, cited in Cohen and Scull, 1983). Social control, at that time, solved a great number of complicated issues, but the purely coercive controls were not widely used (Cohen and Scull, 1983). During the twentieth century, the social control, even sociology was to be a point of view and method for investigating the processes by which individuals are inducted to and induced to co-operate in some sort of permanent corporate existence we call society (Park and Burgess, 1924, cited in Cohen and Scull, 1983, p5). Indeed, the alteration of the process that inducted the individual into society had great benefits on social control. Additionally, at present, the concept of social control is basically defined as: any structure, process, relationship, or act that contributes to the social order (Liska, A.E, 1992, p3). Currently, there are three regulatory models of social control. The first model is custodial institution, which is established on the theories of social order and punishment and the police and prisons are the representative organizations of this model. In addition, community care, such as welfare agencies and halfway house, are also important methods of social control. In particularly, the custodial institution and community care create formal methods because of the rules, law and rehabilitation, they base on. The third model, which is informal, is called self and mutual help, such as social pressure and peer group. Less formal face to face controls are considered in this model (David and Stasz, 1990). Overall, social control uses the ways of punishment, prevention and rehabilitation in order to solve deviant, threatening and disorder behaviours. In particular, imprisonment is one of the highly used means of social control in form of punishment. There are three factors that strongly influence the development of imprisonment. Firstly, some theories of punishment as control have emerged. In Gramscis theory, the most important things for capitalist society in the revolutionary struggle are the superstructure of ideology, law and politics. Hegemony, which means that one class is convinced to accept other classes moral, political and cultural values, is his central idea. Additionally, Althusser improved the work of Gramsi. He introduced a penal system in the Repressive State Apparatus (RSA), which includes the police, the courts and the prison. However, he claimed that the functions of RSA are not only to coerce, but there are also ideological functions, such as to reproduce personal values. Distinguished from RSA, Althusser established Ideological State Apparatuses (ISA). He put some overlooked parts of the state in this mechanis m, such as educational system, the media and political parties (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007). What is more, Foucalt, who created the phrase carceral archipelago to show western liberal democracies closely in touch with forms of oppression, argued in Discipline and Punish (1977) that: the emergence of the prison does not make a more humanitarian form of punishment, instead it represents an attempt to punish more efficiently and extensively to create a disciplined society (cited in Carrabine et al, 2009, p362). Furthermore, the English historian E.P.Thompson indicated that law, as well as penalty, can be found at every bloody level. However, if the law is unjust, the classs hegemony will benefit nothing from that. (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007). Those sociological theories, particularly Foucaults great confinement that: institution of various kinds came to be adopted as the solution to a wide range of social problems (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007, p194), shows that imprisonment has its social functions. Mathiesen, a Norwegian penologist, suggests that there are five social functions which demonstrate that imprisonment is still the dominant way of punishment. He calls the first function the expurgatory function. Many of people in prisons are homeless, abused and suffering from mental illness as Cavadino and Dignan (2007) researched and therefore regarded as unproductive and disruptive. They are routinely being put into prisons so as to prevent society from various damages. The second function is called the power-draining function. Apart from preventing prisoners from being involved in the normal society, the prisoners are also: denied the opportunity to exercise responsibility (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007, p195). Minimal practical contributions is the function that is considered when the prisons were designed. Thirdly, prisoners easily isolate themselves from society, because of the shame of having been imprisoned. This is called, by Mathiesen, symbolic function. It shows the effect that those prisoners are a smaller risk to society after being released. The fourth function, related to the third one, is called the diverting function. Mathiesen (cited in Cavadino and Dignan, 2007, p195) claims in his book that: socially dangerous acts are increasingly being committed by individuals and classes with power in society. However, the fact is that the heavy-handed of prisons are highly used to the lower working class offenders. Hereby social attention is diverted from more serious social harm committed by the groups in power. For instance, acts of pollution and eco-systems destruction. Finally, Mathiesen identifies the fifth social function as the action function. Because it is the most serious means of social cont rol, prisons play a vital role in reducing the publics fear of crime. However, Cavadino and Dignan (2007, p196) argue that the imprisonment functions that Mathiesen suggests are not that efficient: there is also a heavy price to be paid, not only in terms of resources and human suffering, but also in managing the increasing tensions that are associated with the steady enduring penal crisis. Theories of New Punitiveness Secondly, in recent decades, new punitiveness, which means a general rise in the severity of punishment, has become a notable penal trend around the world. Essentially, the aim of new punitiveness is to make offenders suffer. At present, the imprisonment rate, which is a measure of harshness of punishment, has increased in nearly three fourths of countries all over the world. Undoubtedly, the United States has led this new trend, because the prison population and imprisonment rates in this country are the highest in the world and where numbers of prisoners have quintupled since the early 1970s (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007, P84). Meanwhile, this punitiveness is connected with populist punitiveness whose policies and slogans, for instance, zero tolerance, three strikes and prison works are a far-reaching influence on policy-making, particularly penal policies. Definitely, it represents this penal trend: new punitiveness. (Garland, 2007) New punitiveness is connected with the official aims of using imprisonment that results in increasing use of prisons. Deterrence and retribution to offenders were the primary aims of imprisonment in the nineteenth century. However, during this period, the prisoners were still possible to return back to society and those ideas were treated as official policy. Additionally, although in the 1970s, the rehabilitation ideal collapsed, rehabilitation was reintroduced and became an important aim in penal practices in the late 1990s, especially in the UK Criminal Justice System. The current aims of rehabilitation are not only reforming prisoners characters, but more importantly to prevent them from reoffending (HCHAC, 2004). At present, the UK Prison Service states as its official aims: to reduce the risk of reoffending, hold prisoners securely and provide safety (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007). However, practically, all of the three aims are lamentable. Considering the first aim, Shepherd and W hitings (2006) figures indicate that imprisonment is unsuccessful in preventing reoffending: two-thirds of all prisoners are reconvicted within two years of being released, and for young men aged 18-20, the figure is 74.8% (cited in Cavadino and Dignan, 2007, p193). Reoffending is worse than a decade ago, when according to the Home Office just 70% of offenders under 21 were reconvicted for a crime (Home Office, 1999). Secondly, to hold prisoners securely, does not only mean to prevent their safety, but also to keep them from escaping. Although, currently, the Prison Service and governments are paying more attention to lessen the rates of absconding, the escapes from prisons have become periodic (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007). Therefore, it is hard for the Prison Service to achieve the third aim that is to provide safety. Prisoners escapes will increase anxiety and fear within general public. Cavadino and Dignan (2007, p193) claim that: there is   a very long way to go before it can claim to be providing safe, well-ordered establishments in which prisoners are treated humanly, decently and lawfully. Thirdly, the political economy, particularly the welfare system, plays a vital role in causing different imprisonment rates among various countries and it can revealingly explain the reason of the rise of new punishment. There are three key categories. Firstly, at present, Neo-liberalism, which means free-market capitalism, exists in the US, Britain and Australia. The welfare state, under this ethos that individualism is more important than communitarianism, is minimalist. Cavadino and Dignan (2007, P86) argues that: the economic system creates much material inequality, which results in the social exclusion of many people and communities. Secondly, the welfare benefits in conservative corporatist countries whose collectivism is more important, such as Germany, are more generous than Neo-liberal countries. The citizens in those countries get better protection against unusual market forces and products. However, it is still not equality and it is shown in Cavadino and Dignans (2007, P8 6) book: their welfare states enshrine and perpetuate traditional class, status and economic division between different groups of citizens who are entitled to different levels of welfare benefits. Thirdly, the more equal and generous welfare states are social democratic countries, such as Sweden. Although they share conservative corporatisms communitarian approach, their systems are the most egalitarian ones among those three kinds of countries. Walnsleys (2005) research on imprisonment rates which shows that the rates in all neo-liberal countries are the highest, while the lowest rates are in social democratic countries, definitely confirms this theory. Undoubtedly, the United States is a typical example which shows the rise of the new punitiveness as a neo-liberal country. The quote: overcrowded conditions in our prisons have become a national crisis (cited in Matthews and Francis, 1996, p22) informs that this crisis has extended to almost all federals states and locals communities. Maguire and Pastore (1994) suggested that during 1968 to 1978, the prisoners in federal state prisons increased by over 1000000, from 187914 to 294396. Although many concerns have been took to the crisis, between 1980 to 1990, the number of state and federal inmates had more than doubled to over 7000000, and in 1994 this population surpassed the one million mark (Office of Criminal Justice Service, 1995, p72). There are three factors that contribute to the dramatic increase in prisoner population. Firstly, the increase of inmate population reflects the high rates of crimes (Lynch, 1995). However, in return, the crime rates are not equal to the increment in prison population. According to FBI data the crime rates did not increase sharply in the last few decades. Blumstein (1995, cited in Matthews and Francis, 1996, p30) concluded that: it is very unlikely that the growth in prison population was a consequence of a growing crime rate. Secondly, the US has a long-drawn campaign to get tough with crime. Whatever the elected official is, the politics, from mandatory minimum prison sentences, to restrictions on parole release, to three strikes and you are out law, are aimed at putting more offenders in prison and for a lengthier stay (Skolnick, 1994, cited in Matthews and Francis, 1996, p30). Thirdly, in the 1980s, the war on drugs, which aimed to punish drug offences by using criminal law, contributed to the increase of prison populations. Only 10% of the prison populations were occupied by drug offenders, while this figure had doubled in 1989. Blumstein (1995) conducted a study, which pointed out that: 44% of this increase in prison p opulations between 1986 and 1991 could be attributed to the boom in the number of offenders imprisoned for drug offences (cited in Matthews and Francis, 1996, p31). Furthermore, there are some other solutions that the US has implemented. For instance, creating capacity, which means to build more prisons to house all prisoners; and intermediate punishment, which aims to get tough in the community as a punishment. However, Matthews and Francis (1996) argued the barriers as follows: theories of reducing the crowding crisis remain mainly academic exercises with little prospect of substantively affecting the extent of the crisis, ideas on reducing prison crowding are judged too dangerous because their endorsement would expose elected officials to charges of being soft on crime. (p31-32)   The Effect of Prison on the Family Obviously, imprisonment has lots of bad effects on families. Firstly, those families, whose member is in prison, will lose respect in the community. Clear (2009, p128) cites an experience of a participant in his book: neighborhood residents not only look at the specific offender but also the entire family, and if one has offended, all of a sudden they are not the most respected, even from the church. Secondly, parental imprisonment results in financial problems, especially if the man of the family is in prison. Those families lose a productive member, thus they lose income, because the partners imprisonment will probably influence the employment of the woman, and the ability of a male support the family is higher than the females (Clear, 2009). Thirdly, the most significant influence is on children. Actually, the effects of imprisonment on children start at the arrest of their parent. They are shocked, fearful and confused when witnessing their parents being arrested. As Van Nijantte n (1998) points out: the way the father was removed in handcuffs or with a bag over his head, are sensations the child will never forget (p82). Parental imprisonment has a psychological influence on children. A majority of researches have found that children, whose parents are in prison, are more likely to show the depression, hyperactivity, clinging behaviour, sleep problems, truancy and poor school grades. (Murray, 2005). While, other studies revealed that those children have a higher risk of showing bad behaviour or experience imprisonment (Johnston, 1995). Farrington et al (1996, cited in Codd, 2008. p73) also support this idea that: children who are brought up by parents, who are offenders, particularly if they are imprisonment, have been argued to be more likely to go on to offend. However, parental imprisonment still has benefits for some children. Eddy and Reid (2003), suggest that the quality of positive parenting will rise, because their parents may take more time out on t he street and send them to a caregiver or local care organisations, which will results in less significant problems for those children. The Effect of Prison on the Community Similarly, imprisonment has several effects on the communities. First of all, stigma sometimes will transfer from families to communities. Although some residents say that they do not mind and even celebrate it when the prisoners come back to the community, the stigma, especially if more serious crimes are committed in the community, will inevitably influence the whole community. For example, residents may be reluctant to be out on the street at night in their areas or to take part in activities (Clear, 2009). Secondly, the economic situation of the community is seriously affected by the imprisonment, because of the stigma. There is a fact that residents are concerned more about living surroundings. If there are a number of people with criminal records in the community it can lead to lower property values. Meanwhile, the businesses in such places noted that fewer customers enter their premises. Clear (2009) discusses those two ideas: the areas bad reputation means that large corporat ions do not locate their business in these neighbourhood; and housing prices are diminished because, when residents flee, they sell their houses for whatever they can get, often at a reduced price. This reflects the value of the community (p135). Thirdly, prisoners are always full of hope when returning back to their community. However, they soon feel low self-worth and self-esteem, because the communities stigmatise them. Consequently, they will do nothing to contribute to the communities and feel thats just the way I am, which may very likely lead them to reoffend. As a participants responses in Clears research show (2009, p138): if you treat me more like a human being, I will act more like human being, if you treat me more like an animal, Im going to act more like an animal. Last but not least, even if residents show a welcome to prisoners, those people from prisons actually increase the fear of crime in communities. Another participant in the same study says he is worried about his son when he is working, because of having a former prisoner as a next door neighbour. Other residents express the same fears. They are cited in Clears (2009, p142) book: one resident said that if someone with a criminal records moved in next door to her home, she might do a background check. Another said he was going to watch him'. Overall, those accumulated impacts on the community can be fierce. Conclusion In conclusion, imprisonment plays a vital role as a means of social control. Although in some countries, such as the US, the overcrowded prisons have become a pressing problem that needs to be addressed urgently, because of its valuable social functions and coincidence with official aims, imprisonment is widely used around the world. However, the negative effects on families, especially on children who are economically and mentally greatly affected and suffer when their parents are imprisoned; and communities whose economies and social anxiousness are seriously influenced, should not be neglected. It may negate the development of imprisonment

Interview Essay - Larry Clayville -- Interview Essays

Interview Essay - Larry Clayville Larry Clayville was born in Ustick, Idaho, on June 11, 1917. Larry explained that "there was once a post office in Ustick, but there is nothing there now. That is how far out in the woods I was". Larry is a very down to earth man who has seen a lot of life. He has read the newspaper every day of his life. He is a Father, a Grandfather, and seems to be a friend to many. Larry came to California for work in 1946. He is a POW survivor, and is a member of the "Lodge," and has many friends there. He is also currently involved in a relationship. Larry's definition of happiness is, "Having plenty to eat, having a warm place to sleep, and having friends and family. That's enough to make me happy." Larry explained that when he was young, happiness was getting "enough to eat." He said, "That was the worst part of the depression, when you thought about it, there were a lot of hungry people". Other than that, his definition of happiness has not changed a lot over the years. How does Larry know when he is happy? "When you just have that good old happy feeling." He defines that as, "When everything just goes good. You get up in the morning and every thing goes right. You are not mad at any body. It's a good feeling." When Larry is unhappy, he "talks to whoever is close." However, he admits that he keeps most of it to himself. Simple things contribute to Larry's happiness. "Just the bare necessities of life keep me happy." The activity that keeps Larry happy is "Living." He explains, "I am happy that I am alive when I wake up in the morning. Oh hey, if I am alive one more day, I have a chance." About the only thing that makes Larry unhappy any more is illness. "There's nothing that will ta... ...u don't like, but hey, if you dislike things enough, you will do something about them." When asked if he is pleased with his current interpersonal relationships, Larry said, "Yes." Larry also had some thoughts on religion. "I know that there is a higher power, and I believe in that. I came from a religious family, and I rebelled against that. But, I do believe there is something there, a Supreme Being or something like that." Larry also gave a piece of advice for achieving happiness. "If you treat people nice, they will treat you nice. Generally speaking. That is the way I have lived, somewhat of a golden rule." I think that Larry is an intelligent and understanding person, and I can tell that he is well loved by his family and friends. What I admire most is that he is a survivor, and will not let himself get down over the fact that life is not always fair. Interview Essay - Larry Clayville -- Interview Essays Interview Essay - Larry Clayville Larry Clayville was born in Ustick, Idaho, on June 11, 1917. Larry explained that "there was once a post office in Ustick, but there is nothing there now. That is how far out in the woods I was". Larry is a very down to earth man who has seen a lot of life. He has read the newspaper every day of his life. He is a Father, a Grandfather, and seems to be a friend to many. Larry came to California for work in 1946. He is a POW survivor, and is a member of the "Lodge," and has many friends there. He is also currently involved in a relationship. Larry's definition of happiness is, "Having plenty to eat, having a warm place to sleep, and having friends and family. That's enough to make me happy." Larry explained that when he was young, happiness was getting "enough to eat." He said, "That was the worst part of the depression, when you thought about it, there were a lot of hungry people". Other than that, his definition of happiness has not changed a lot over the years. How does Larry know when he is happy? "When you just have that good old happy feeling." He defines that as, "When everything just goes good. You get up in the morning and every thing goes right. You are not mad at any body. It's a good feeling." When Larry is unhappy, he "talks to whoever is close." However, he admits that he keeps most of it to himself. Simple things contribute to Larry's happiness. "Just the bare necessities of life keep me happy." The activity that keeps Larry happy is "Living." He explains, "I am happy that I am alive when I wake up in the morning. Oh hey, if I am alive one more day, I have a chance." About the only thing that makes Larry unhappy any more is illness. "There's nothing that will ta... ...u don't like, but hey, if you dislike things enough, you will do something about them." When asked if he is pleased with his current interpersonal relationships, Larry said, "Yes." Larry also had some thoughts on religion. "I know that there is a higher power, and I believe in that. I came from a religious family, and I rebelled against that. But, I do believe there is something there, a Supreme Being or something like that." Larry also gave a piece of advice for achieving happiness. "If you treat people nice, they will treat you nice. Generally speaking. That is the way I have lived, somewhat of a golden rule." I think that Larry is an intelligent and understanding person, and I can tell that he is well loved by his family and friends. What I admire most is that he is a survivor, and will not let himself get down over the fact that life is not always fair.

3 Songs and a Creed

Engineer Song Pin the castle on my collar, I’ve done my training for the team. You can call me an engineer soldier, The warrior spirit has been my dream. Essayons, whether in war or peace, We will bear our red and our white. Essayons, we serve America, And the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Essayons! Essayons! 1st Armored Division March Iron Soldiers, Old Ironsides 1st Armored Division, honor and pride Guarding Freedom, we are proud to be America’s Tank force, Steel Victory With that Iron Patch, worn on my sleeve I follow those who, fought for Liberty Always ready, for peace we strive Iron Soldiers, Old Ironsides The Army Song First to fight for the right, And to build the nation’s might And the Army goes rolling along. Proud of all we have done, Fighting ‘till the battle won, And the Army goes rolling along. Then it’s HI! HI! Hey! The Army’s on its way. Count off the cadence loud and strong! For where are we go, You will always know, That the Army Goes ROLLING ALONG. Soldiers Creed I am an American Soldier I am a warrior and a member of a team. I serve the people of the United States and the live the Army values. I will always place the mission first. I will never accept defeat. I will never quit. I will never leave a fallen comrade. I am disciplined, physically, and mentally tough, Trained and proficient in my warrior task and drills. I will always maintain my arms, my equipment and my Self. I am an expert and I am a professional. I stand ready to deploy, engage, and destroy the Enemies of the United States of America in close Combat. I am a guardian of freedom and the American way of Life. I AM AN AMERICAN SOLDIER.

Competition in Health Care Essay

Competition in health care is becoming a major issue, because health care organizations are fighting for the best doctors, patients are fighting for the best treatments, and insurance companies are raising their premiums. Competition is a serious problem due to bad choices being made by hospitals, health plans, and businesses. This paper will explore in more detail the reason why there is so much competition in health care and why health care is steadily rising. Describe the different forms of competition that take place among various types of health care organizations. The different forms of competition for health care organizations would be price, quality, service and convenience. Doctors are willing to take on patients who can pay for their treatments instead of patients that have way of paying. â€Å"Physicians may compete for patients who are able to pay for services and do not health insurance, or for patients who have their expenditures paid for by third party insurers so phy sicians compete on a non-price basis, based on location, colleagues’ referrals, and reputation.† (Rivers & Glover, 2010). Hospitals compete for the best doctors offering better equipment or highly trained employees. Hospitals compete also for patients where they offer better services and cheaper prices. Insurance companies compete to have the best premiums, benefits and access to great health care insurance. There is a lot of competition in health care, but what this really boils down to is how well patients are being taken care of and if they are satisfied with their choices of doctors, hospitals and health insurance. Evaluate the benefits and pitfalls of competition in health care and suggest alternatives if competition was not the primary driver of operations in the U. S. health care system. Some of the benefits of competition would be Patient’s bill of rights, insurance companies taking pre-existing conditions, wealthier people paying taxes on health insurance, medical devices, and Medicare. Other  benefits would be for those individuals who cannot afford health insurance to not be penalize d for not having insurance, and children being able to stay on their parent’s health insurance until age 26. The pitfalls of competition would be hospitals will have to be punished if a patient is readmitted after being discharged from their facility within a certain number of days. Some physicians will have to sell their practices to hospitals because of overhead. The quality of health care has decreased while the cost has increased. Another pitfall would be employers cutting their employees hours from full-time to part-time so they do not have to pay for their employee’s health insurance. â€Å"Health care reform takes small steps toward addressing this problem but trends toward pay performance and bundled payment could worsen this mismatch if they fail to account for the needs of underserved patients and practices serving them.† (Fiscella, 2011). An alternative if competition was not the primary driver would be hospitals and doctors seeing patients free of charge. Patients would not have to worry about paying co-pays or medical bills, because there would be more free clinic s offering medications for cancer treatments, diabetes and other conditions. Explain the elements of successful competition and the use of competitive intelligence. A successful competition would be hospitals and doctors coming together to perform care for patients. Competitive intelligence in health care is observing other health care organizations to see if they are alike and to figure out what their next move is. â€Å"Competitive intelligence or business intelligence is a tool of business leader, a competent central vision resulting from an extensive report about a competitor company that continually seeks to exploit its weak points, everything to avoid surprises competitive.† (Bucur & Pribac, 2010). In order for competition to be successful between hospitals, drug companies, and physicians they all need to provide cheaper prices, quality care, and discounts. Describe the influence competition has on the services offered by health care organizations and the choices patients have. The influence competition has on services from health care organizations is that every organization is different some offer certain services like MRI’s, CT scans, and lab work. While other organizations offer other types of services like rehabilitation, prenatal care, and HIV classes. Patients should always be a part of their treatment plans and they should know all the information about  the procedures that are being done on them. Patients should be allowed to choice what doctor or hospital they want to go with. Patients would like to have accessibility to doctors or specialists without having to go far away from their homes. Conclusion Health care competition is becoming the most talked about issue with hospitals and doctors. If hospitals and doctors worked together there would be fewer problems, because patients would not have to go too far to see their doctors, and they could go to the hospital of their choice. Every day there is something new being invented or used in the medical field which can be competition for all health care systems. There has to be better way to deal with all the competition that is going on in this field. References Bucur, O. N., & Pribac, L. I. (2010). Intelligence key Weapon Competitiveness. Annals of DAAAM & Proceedings, 1473-1474. Web.b.ebschost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu. Fiscella, K. (2011). Health Care Reform and Equity: Promise, Pitfalls, and Prescriptions. Annals of Family Medicine, 9 (1), 78-84. Doi: 10.1370/afm.1213 Rivers, A. P., & Glover, H. S. (2010). Health Care Competition, Strategic mission, and patient satisfaction: research model and propositions. NCBI. www.ncbi.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC28656781

Texas Political Culture and Immigration essayEssay Writing Service

Texas Political Culture and Immigration essayEssay Writing Service Texas Political Culture and Immigration essay Texas Political Culture and Immigration essayPolitical culture has a considerable impact on the development of the nation as well as local communities. Texas is one of the states with a distinct political culture that has a considerable impact on the worldview of the local population and policies conducted in the state. In this regard, the current paper focuses on the study of Texas political culture to understand its key principles that uncovers policies and decisions taken by policy makers. Texas has a considerable impact on the national politics of the US because it is one of the main states that opens the way for local politicians to enter federal political elite. This is why the understanding of Texas political culture will help not only to understand better policies conducted in Texas but also the national politics as well.Political CultureElazar distinguishes three types of political culture: traditionalistic, individualistic and moralistic (Foner Garraty, 2011). The moralist ic political culture holds society to be more important than an individual. The moralistic political culture tends to develop a positive view on the government and states with this type of culture view the government as a positive force that often leads to the wider government interference into economy and wider government regulations concerning economic, social and other aspects of the state life (Foner Garraty, 2011). States with the moralistic political culture stand on the ground of serving the community as their priority even at expense of individual interests.On the contrary, the traditionalistic political culture stands on traditional political and cultural values and focuses on the minimal intervention of state into economic and social life (Foner Garraty, 2011). The traditionalistic political culture limits the role of the government to the role of the actor responsible for the maintenance of the existing social order, which helps communities to maintain their traditional social systems. This political culture adheres to conservatism as the core of its political philosophy.Finally, Elazar distinguishes the individualistic political culture, which prioritizes the individual initiative and put needs and interests of individuals above those of communities as long as they match principles and norms of basic human rights (Foner Garraty, 2011). The individualistic political culture restricts the role of the government to the role of facilitator of individual initiative and does not admit the extensive government regulation of social life, economy or regulations in private matters of individuals.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As politics and society are dynamic, the political culture of certain states, regions or nations can change that contributes to the shift from traditionalistic to moralistic culture, for example, or emergence of a blend of cultures, such as traditionalistic and individualistic ones. Therefore, in some states, it is poss ible to trace the blend of different political cultures, which though are closely integrated but may change in the course of time and dynamic development of the political life and social norms, values and beliefs. For example, the political culture may change under the impact of profound demographic changes, which may occur in case of the rapid and substantial increase of the immigrant population. As a result, such demographic changes can bring changes into the political life and change the political culture of the state but such changes take normally a long time to be fully completed.Texas political culture  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Traditionalistic aspects of Texas political cultureOne of the distinct features of the Texas political culture is the dominance of one political party. Within the last thirty years, the Republican Party, which is associated with traditionalist policies and conservative ideology, has held control over the state’s politics. At this point, it is possible to refer to table 1, which shows the results of Presidential elections in Texas with only two wins of the Democrats in nine cases of Presidential elections.Moreover, Texans have not elected Democrats to a statewide office since 1994, while Democrats can gain support from minority groups mainly in East Texas and South Texas and from some urban voters in Beaumont, El Paso, Austin, San Antonio, Dallas and Houston (Foner Garraty, 2011). The dominant position of the Republican Party is the distinct feature of the traditionalistic political culture and Texas maintains this trend for decades. This is why it is possible to estimate that Texas has a historical inclination to the traditionalistic political culture.In fact, a distinct feature of Texas political life is the low voter turnout that is a characteristic of the traditionalistic political culture according to Elazar (Foner Garraty, 2011). Voters turnout remains stable and, more important, voters tend to have the similar political preferences and do not change them much for decades. For example, Texans prefer voting for the Republicans and they vote for them over and over again, regardless of changes in policies and situation in the state.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Individualistic aspects of Texas’ political culture  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Texas politics tends to support private business with the minimal interference of the state government and authorities into the economic life of the state (Foner Garraty, 2011). The non-interference government stance is typical for the individualistic political culture. In the case of Texas, this trend is very strong since the state government traditionally avoids direct interventions into the economic life of the state. Instead, the government focuses on the stimulation of individual business initiative and eme rgence of small businesses. Texan legislation is favorable for business initiatives and current policies create favorable conditions for starting up a business in Texas (Foner Garraty, 2011).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Texas turns out to be in the opposition to the political government and stands for the larger opportunity for exercising the principle of people sovereignty in Texas (Foner Garraty, 2011). Texans and local politicians stand on the ground of the supremacy of people sovereignty over the authority of the federal government. This is why they oppose to the increasing role of the federal government in the field of public education. Similarly, Texans have a strong opposition to current health care reform, which contradicts to their principles and beliefs.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, Texas politicians and the public maintain a strong faith in individual initiative (Foner Garraty, 2011). They put it prior to the government regul ation. Instead, they believe that the government should just facilitate the individual initiative by means of non-interference and liberalization of the legislation to let individuals to implement their initiatives successfully. Such policy and political culture is traditional for Texas and these features are features of the individualistic political culture.Texas Political Culture and Immigration essay part 2

Project Management and Internal Function Essay Essays

Project Management and Internal Function Essay Essays Project Management and Internal Function Essay Essay Project Management and Internal Function Essay Essay The HRIS undertaking is necessitated by two factors which support our concern demands. One of these factors is the demand to maintain up with the demand for our merchandise within the market place. The 2nd factor is realizing a concern that works every bit difficult for its employees every bit hard as the employees have worked for the concern. Our concern has increased by two crease in the last 18 months. which means that we must make a new manner of making concern. As a consequence of this growing. we had to revamp the fiscal system. which has actualized its part through demoing up as clip nest eggs achieved through mechanization. As a consequence of implementing the fiscal system. we received our return on investing six months earlier than anticipated. How does it acquire any better than that? It is with the same dedication that the HRIS undertaking is being given life and endorsed by the stakeholders. which support this undertaking. Description As a consequence of this growing. we have merely completed the passage of integrating the fiscal system and it has been a shattering success. This new growing demands of us that we do concern a small otherwise now. It is our purpose through this undertaking to better the employees’ workplace and infinite in add-on to turn toing the alterations that come about from enlargement. There has been a pronounced and appreciable demand for our merchandises over the last two old ages. As a consequence of this growing. we now require a better manner of making concern. The HRIS undertaking will take an outside and inside attack in order to make the infinite for passage and a better manner of making concern. The approximative nest eggs through this undertaking would be actualized within the two quarters entirely. Aim The aim for this undertaking supports our end of accomplishing a more robust production environment for our clients in add-on to supplying a better environment for future growing for our employees. It is our purpose to back up this undertaking in the undermentioned ways: 1. Payroll will be automated and this will bring forth a faster and easier manner for the employees to be reimbursed or to do alterations to the car wage options. 2. Our employees will be in a better place to prosecute and make a calling path for them that aligns with their ain ends. 3. The HRIS procedure will let for more transparence in engaging for those on the exterior. 4. Potential employees will be able to see and use for unfastened places. 5. Management will be in a better place to guarantee that the possible appliers are well-qualified. 6. Extra support now available from the execution of the fiscal system can fund more research and undertakings to better the workplace. Success Criteria or Expected Benefits The success standards came from the assorted stakeholders and patrons. The Chief executive officer of the company. Rory Genhardt. commissioned a undertaking director to spearhead the HRIS undertaking. The undertaking director conducted several interviews of assorted stakeholders and patrons in order to obtain mensurable undertaking aims. The studies disseminated will include information gathered from the single SMEs. It is this information that was used to show information to the stakeholders. patrons and participants through studies. presentations. written. verbal and unwritten communications. The adept judgement provided by these assorted persons was priceless. They are outlined for the HRIS undertaking as marks. Specifically identified from the assorted stakeholders of the expected benefits of the execution of this undertaking are the â€Å"recruiting capabilities† and â€Å"succession planning† for the CEO. Per the HR Director. â€Å"vacation and ill clip and ill leave linked to attendance alternatively of old ages of services† . in add-on to â€Å"tracking of enfranchisement and instruction requirements† would be a benefit from the execution. The VP of Marketing would have benefit from the â€Å"employee database and the e-forms† . The VP of Finance would be appreciative of the â€Å"payroll capabilities† . The most good facets for the VP of Manufacturing would be the â€Å"performance reappraisal direction and compensation capabilities† . â€Å"Position control† and the â€Å"recruiting capabilities† would be good to the Plant Managers. Funding Some of the support available for this undertaking was generated per the information contained in the GenScoop newssheet. The Chief executive officer of GenRays provinces. â€Å"extra nest eggs will fuel extra growing and enlargement to the company. as we are able to fund more research and undertakings to better our workplace. † In add-on to the growing experienced from the entire gross revenues in the last one-fourth. GenRay is in a solid place to back up support for this undertaking as stated by the VP of Finance with a part of $ 103. 000. Should extra support be required for this undertaking. the Information Technology Director will be sought out as they have about $ 360. 000 available for hardware and package ascents in add-on to proficient staff being available for aid. Major Deliverables The undermentioned deliverables contained in this undertaking charter were derived from interviews with the stakeholders who said: ? The CEO requires that beginning of the undertaking is to get down after the W2s are issued per a petition from the CEO as clip is critical for the debut of this undertaking. The realization of this undertaking will make more â€Å"research and undertakings to better our workplace. † ? Per the executive patrons and the CEO. there is a petition to finish the undertaking with all the system elements being functional before the year-end shutting as the awaited nest eggs will supply company extra support for R A ; D undertakings on the skyline. This is an internal map of the undertaking result and a coveted merchandise to the terminal user. ? In order to maintain the undertaking on agenda. integrating compatible squad members during the acting phase will assist to maintain the undertaking running swimmingly and diminish down clip. This is an internal map of the undertaking result. This deliverable creates a stable foundation for the beginning of the undertaking. ? The VP of Manufacturing requires integrating of the searchable public presentation characteristic so that directors can reexamine possible campaigners who can be selected for the direction plan. This is an internal map of the undertaking result and a coveted merchandise to the terminal user. The stage in the undertaking allows for the HR. Plant Manager. VP of Finance and Marketing to hold entree to and utilize this information. ? The Director of Human Resources requires an consciousness of which squad members require extra clip to travel through the forming. storming and norming phases. This is an internal map of the undertaking result. ? The CEO requires that the package has enrolling capablenesss. The information derived will test qualified campaigners who are using for places. This is an internal map of the undertaking result and a coveted merchandise to the terminal user. The stage in the undertaking allows for direction to hold entree to and utilize this information. ? The CEO besides requires an integrated computerized system. which tracks the public presentation reappraisal information. to include enfranchisements. experience and educational demands which can be used for sequence planning. This is an internal map of the undertaking result and a coveted merchandise to the terminal user. The stage in the undertaking allows for the HR. Plant Manager. VP of Finance and Marketing to hold entree to and utilize this information. ? The Plant Manager from Manufacturing Site 1 requires a self-serve employee database which will track and update the information on each employee. This is an internal map of the undertaking result. The stage in the undertaking allows for direction to hold entree to and utilize this information. ? The VP of Marketing requires the execution of concern signifiers which populate E-forms for the easiness of inter-commerce for more standardised procedures among the organisation. This is an internal map of the undertaking result and a coveted merchandise to the terminal user. ? The VP of Finance requires an machine-controlled self-service paysheet in order to salvage clip and money. This is an internal map of the undertaking result. ? The Plant Manager from Manufacturing Site 1 requires analyzation of the place control of the informations entered by salary. class and occupation title so as to supply just compensation to the employees throughout the site. This is an internal map of the undertaking result and a coveted merchandise to the terminal user. ? The Director of Human Resources requires a capableness which mines the information contained within public presentation reappraisal informations and preparation records in order to guarantee that the proper campaigner is matched with most compatible campaigner. This is an internal map of the undertaking result and a coveted merchandise to the terminal user. The stage in the undertaking allows for direction to hold entree to and utilize this information. ? The Director of Human Resources requires the capableness of self-service of employee’s information. which is so used and approved by their direction in order to streamline the hiring procedure. This is an internal map of the undertaking result and a coveted merchandise to the terminal user. The stage in the undertaking allows for direction to hold entree to and utilize this information. ? The Director of Human Resources requires migration of the older databases in add-on to streamlining the information received into a amalgamate database to include fiscal. employee. holiday. benefits. preparation. instruction and enfranchisement. This is an internal map of the undertaking result and a coveted merchandise to the terminal user. Acceptance Criteria Per the Chief executive officer of GenRays. the major credence standard is. â€Å"The undertaking must be complete with all system elements functional before year-end shutting. † In add-on to that the undermentioned standards are: ? The CEO’s credence is that the realization of this undertaking will make more â€Å"research and undertakings to better our workplace. † ? Per the executive patrons and the CEO. the credence standards for them is holding all the system elements be functional so that the company will hold extra support for R A ; D undertakings on the skyline. ? The CEO requires that the package have enrolling capablenesss. the stage in the undertaking allows for direction to hold entree to and utilize of this information. ? The CEO besides requires an integrated computerized system. which tracks the public presentation reappraisal information. This stage in the undertaking allows for the HR. Plant Manager. VP of Finance and Marketing to hold entree to and utilize this information. ? HR requires integrating compatible squad members. This standard creates a stable foundation for the beginning of the undertaking. ? The Director of HR’s credence requires an consciousness of which squad members require extra clip to travel through the forming. storming and norming phases. This is an internal map of the undertaking result. This stage ensures completion of the undertaking without forces complications. ? The VP of Manufacturing’s credence requires a searchable public presentation characteristic which allows for the HR. Plant Manager. VP of Finance and Marketing to hold entree to and utilize this information. ? The VP of Marketing’s credence requires the execution of concern signifiers. This is an internal map of the undertaking result and a coveted merchandise to the terminal user. ? The VP of Finance requires an machine-controlled self-service paysheet in order to salvage clip and money. This is an internal map of the undertaking result. ? The Plant Manager from Manufacturing Site 1 requires a self-serve employee database. The stage in the undertaking allows for direction to hold entree to and utilize this information. ? The Plant Manager from Manufacturing Site 1 requires analyzation of the place control of the informations entered by salary. class and occupation rubric. This is an internal map of the undertaking result and a coveted merchandise to the terminal user. ? The Director of Human Resources requires a capableness which mines the information. This is an internal map of the undertaking result and a coveted merchandise to the terminal user. The stage in the undertaking allows for direction to hold entree to and utilize this information. ? The Director of Human Resources requires the capableness of self-service of employee’s information. The stage in the undertaking allows for direction to hold entree to and utilize this information. ? The Director of Human Resources requires migration of the older databases. This is an internal map of the undertaking result and a coveted merchandise to the terminal user.

What is the place of reason in relationship to understanding animal Essay

What is the place of reason in relationship to understanding animal life Coetzee - Essay Example I will take the chance to talk about these horrors.† (Coetzee, 117) Understanding animal life establishes what form of relation should exist between human beings and animals. Animals learn from experience and future behavior will be formed through earlier experiences. From birth, they pick knowledge from various sources on deaths, heights, fire; water among others. â€Å"The old are thus more experienced than the young, due to years of experience. The old are more cunning and astute because of years of experience acquired through observation. The old are thus less likely to avoid harm† (Coetzee, 123) Therefore, understanding animal life helps to explain why they behave in a particular way. This is because of what they have observed. Animals that have faced danger before will most likely be very conscious of any incoming danger. With this form of information, human beings are made aware of the form of treatment that each animal deserves. â€Å"The observation formed against one animal, is by reasoning extended to other animals† (David, 76). Besides that, understanding animal life is vital in the making of crucial decisions on which animals are fit for consumptions and which are not fit for consumption. A debate ranges where some individuals feel that some animals can be eaten while others cannot and in the meantime there are those that are totally against the consumption of any form of animal viewing it as a horrendous act (Coetzee, 138). To make credible decisions on which animals should be eaten and which should not be eaten, we need a deep understanding of animal life. Understanding animal life also establishes if there is any form of relation ship that exists between human being and animals. Coetzee, asks whether human beings have anything common with animals. Do they reason like animals? Do animals have self-consciousness found in human beings, or a soul? According to this lecture (Coetzee, 119) if animals are like human beings

Canadian Aboriginal Community Assessment and Diagnosis Essay

Canadian Aboriginal Community Assessment and Diagnosis - Essay Example Statistically, Aboriginal or First Nations peoples regardless of their location face similar pre-dispositions for certain diseases, such as type II diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism caused by a discrepancy between the amount of insulin required by the body and the amount of insulin available (Sommers, 2011). The disease leads to inappropriate glucose utilization within the body which causes a variety of related diseases, thus modifying the mortality rates. Type II DM is often called ‘adult onset’ diabetes and is related to obesity, poor diet, and other factors. Diabetes is a life-long disease that can be treated with diet, exercise, supportive medications and close management of blood glucose levels, and also treated for its effects on other body organs and systems.Aboriginal communities in Canada commonly believe that diabetes prevention is ineffective in Aboriginal populations because it fails to offer d iabetes prevention strategies specific to their needs (Ghosh & Gomes, 2011, pg. 246). The Alberta Diabetes Surveillance System (ADSS) has reported that in status Aboriginals the diabetes incidence and prevalence rates are twice the incidence rates compared to the general population. Accordingly, the use of hospital and emergency department services is 2 to 3 times higher for the Status Aboriginal population as compared to the general population.The Type 2 diabetes is about 3 to 5 times higher among First Nations people.

Global tourism has enjoyed tremendous growth over the past fifty years Essay

Global tourism has enjoyed tremendous growth over the past fifty years - Essay Example Tourism is a dynamic industry which enhances economic performance by generating valuable benefits, either in the form of infrastructural development or by creating positive publicity for individual destinations and countries. The social benefits offered by the tourism industry Global tourism industry has enjoyed tremendous growth over the past fifty years. This growth has contributed to the development of the society. The social benefits offered by the tourism industry are - The industry acts as a vital source of income as well as employment opportunities which are highly flexible. In the absence of this sector, the global GDP would be quite low and a major portion of the people in a society would be unemployed and live in poverty. Tourism industry has led to the development and improvement of the society. More than 50% of the people now live in cities globally and it is predicted that the percentage will rise to 75% by 2025. The tourism industry has helped to overcome the problem of cultural differences between people all over the world. Tourism industry has diversified the area of work culture and work practices. This has led to the rise in employment opportunities and has significantly reduced unemployment (â€Å"Travel and Tourism 2011† 5). Challenges faced by the Tourism Industry The Tourism Industry has faced a number of new challenges in its way of growth which reflects the structure of the industry. The challenges faced are- The industry had difficulty in achieving the target employment growth in mature markets due to the absence of proper human resource strategies which play a strong role in attracting and retaining employees. The period of 2000-2010 recorded a high growth in GDP as a result of the contribution of the tourism industry. But the growth was volatile with economic uncertainties, uneven, and was affected by terrorists’ attacks and epidemics. This affected the overall growth of GDP as the direct contribution of GDP in all the m arkets was not equal. As the tourism industry is in the verge of growth and development, it is facing more competition in field of capital investment from its global competitors. Terrorist attacks have led to the evolution of high concerns to the safety and security of the hosts. Technological advancement has increased the expectation of the customers. So, the tourism industry must be developed in connection to the technological developments so that it can be successfully meet the expectations and requirements of the changing consumers (â€Å"Economic Development Strategy Report† 29). Opportunities and Barriers to the further growth of the Tourism Industry in Nanaimo, Canada The opportunities to the further growth of the Tourism Industry in Nanaimo, Canada are- The Industry has developed several products, outdoor activities, recreational packages, sport tourism, and art and culture so as to attract the customers. This will provide the customers with a lively and variant exper ience. The Industry has introduced the provision of conducting different festivals and events, so as to meet the requirements and expectations of both the customers and its employees (Nanaimo Tourism, 4). The Industry is trying to

How to support a Gifted and Talented child in the classroom in Essay

How to support a Gifted and Talented child in the classroom in Mathematics - Essay Example The common notion is that gifted children, having abilities superior than the rest, need less assistance in terms of education. However, what is often overlooked is the fact that these children are not necessarily, â€Å"academically gifted†, so to speak. Intelligence is not restricted to academics. As such, a gifted child may be exceptionally adept to reading but poor in arithmetic. In other words, giftedness does not encompass all fields, contrary to common belief. In fact, psychologist Howard Gardner has proposed Multiple Intelligence theory, postulating that there are actually eight intelligence domains – among them are music, linguistic and logic and mathematics (Visser, Ashton & Vernon 2006, p.487). Of these mentioned domains, an important subject of interest is Mathematics, which, as pointed by several researchers such as Mji & Makgato (2006, p.253), most students are poor at. Nevertheless, given that the aspect of giftedness in terms of intelligence is multi-fac eted, it is necessary to establish at this point how the concept of giftedness would be used in this paper. The subject of argument is the gifted children who, regardless of their astuteness in other aspects of intelligence, exemplify high prowess in Mathematics. Moving on, it was mentioned that a lot of students perform below average in Mathematics; thus, in response to this, various steps are taken to improve teaching skills of instructors in educating students in this subject. But then again, given the common misconception on giftedness, gifted children are often overlooked in the classroom, with their special needs neglected. Diversity of Experience & Learning In the book written by Kennedy, Johnson & Tipps (2008, p. 40), it was argued that the point in dealing with gifted children is not to make them reach an achievement level that is established for all average students. Instead, support should be geared towards meeting the needs specific to these children. This is to say that children have varying experiences which may affect learning and performance (Bowman 1994). Overestimating the abilities of gifted children which may lead to unintentional neglect of their needs may hinder them from achieving their full potential. The present curriculum in most educational system is designed for average students. In this scenario, the average students are benefiting more in the curriculum because they are learning things while the gifted students are just left listening to concepts that they have already mastered. The average students are compelled to study and practice in order to hone their skills. In contrast, the gifted students do not need to struggle to learn. In most cases, this experience has taught them that everything comes out way too easy; hence, they may not be as receptive to new ideas as average students do. Since gifted students can easily understand and acquire skills due to the average pace of teaching, they usually suffer from boredom and frustrat ion (Collins 2001, p.xiv). Further, since they are not challenged, most of them gradually lack motivation resulting to underachievement (Diezman, Faragher, Lowrie & Bicknell 2004, p. 8). As a matter of fact, there are gifted students who do not perform well simply because they lack interest or are occupied with perfectionism (CCEA 2006, p.6). In the long run, this lack of motivation may result to being left behind, achieving things below their levels. Therefore, it is important to

Vocabulary Game for English Language Learners (ELL students) Essay

Vocabulary Game for English Language Learners (ELL students) - Essay Example The game in this presentation is one that focuses on the use of prepositions and adjectives. This experience can be related to what I have learned about ELL and how they interact with material as well as the benefits of face to face interaction. It also relates to things like the development of literacy. â€Å"There is a growing concern over the ability of the educational system to meet the needs of the increasingly diverse multiethnic, multilingual classroom. Prominent among these needs is the acquisition of literacy skills. In recent years, researchers have begun to challenge simplistic notions about the development of English as a Second Language (ESL)1 literacy skills† (Geva, 2000). The game is basically a variation of tic-tac-toe. Most students, even those from other countries, are familiar with tic-tac-toe, and if they are not, it does not take long for the teacher to explain it, and for them to catch on during play. The game begins with the teacher using a whiteboard and marker to draw the tic-tac-toe grid. In each square of the grid, a preposition and adjective are placed, with the â€Å"to be† verb added where necessary. For example, in the first round, the grid may be â€Å"be afraid of,† â€Å"vote for,† â€Å"be confident in,† â€Å"be married to,† â€Å"take from,† â€Å"fight for,† â€Å"dream about,† etc., with one phrase in each square. The students then pair into twos. One student is X; the other is O. The students take turns using the preposition and adjective in their own example, to get the square. When the game is over, the winning student can play the next student up, in a round robin, if necessary. If there is no winner in the tic-tac-toe game, the teacher should move on to another group of two students. Overall, this is a more effective game to play in classes of ten or fewer students, because this still

I need for you to find a common theme among these three proposals Research Paper - 1

I need for you to find a common theme among these three proposals - Research Paper Example On one hand, we have the Middle East. The Arab-Israeli conflict spans about one century of open hostilities and political tensions between the Palestinians and the Israelis- this being in spite of the fact that Israel was formally established only in 1948. On the other, there is the war in Afghanistan, which was launched by the US and the UK against the Taliban regime of Afghanistan in response to the 9/11 terror attacks. The Korean Peninsula is also a troubled zone, with the seemingly never-ending rivalries between North Korea and South Korea. In South Asia, India and Pakistan are always in a state of political tension over the disputed land of Kashmir; China’s relations with India are not too friendly either. Maintaining global peace in Third World countries has largely become the responsibility of the developed nations, which are, as Klare says, â€Å"deeply involved in the process of militarization† of these countries. There needs to be a strategy that the developed countries can follow to ensure that peace and security is maintained both within and without their less developed counterparts. Klare says that these strategy should follow the hierarchy of priorities that he proposes: Both Israel and North Korea have amassed huge arsenals of nuclear weapons. As for chemical weapons and ballistic missiles, the Taliban in Afghanistan have a huge stock of rockets, missiles and similar weapons. An international black market in conventional weapons exists and there is a large and regular flow of illicit arms into Afghanistan. All these have worrisome implications and can only be effectively controlled by the superpowers. Klare gives an example of how superpowers may help to downsize the arms trade problem. â€Å"A similar approach to downsizing the arms trade problem would be to convene ‘quadrilateral’ talks involving two regional rivals and their respective superpower patrons. Assuming that Moscow and Washington

How to support a Gifted and Talented child in the classroom in Essay

How to support a Gifted and Talented child in the classroom in Mathematics - Essay Example The common notion is that gifted children, having abilities superior than the rest, need less assistance in terms of education. However, what is often overlooked is the fact that these children are not necessarily, â€Å"academically gifted†, so to speak. Intelligence is not restricted to academics. As such, a gifted child may be exceptionally adept to reading but poor in arithmetic. In other words, giftedness does not encompass all fields, contrary to common belief. In fact, psychologist Howard Gardner has proposed Multiple Intelligence theory, postulating that there are actually eight intelligence domains – among them are music, linguistic and logic and mathematics (Visser, Ashton & Vernon 2006, p.487). Of these mentioned domains, an important subject of interest is Mathematics, which, as pointed by several researchers such as Mji & Makgato (2006, p.253), most students are poor at. Nevertheless, given that the aspect of giftedness in terms of intelligence is multi-fac eted, it is necessary to establish at this point how the concept of giftedness would be used in this paper. The subject of argument is the gifted children who, regardless of their astuteness in other aspects of intelligence, exemplify high prowess in Mathematics. Moving on, it was mentioned that a lot of students perform below average in Mathematics; thus, in response to this, various steps are taken to improve teaching skills of instructors in educating students in this subject. But then again, given the common misconception on giftedness, gifted children are often overlooked in the classroom, with their special needs neglected. Diversity of Experience & Learning In the book written by Kennedy, Johnson & Tipps (2008, p. 40), it was argued that the point in dealing with gifted children is not to make them reach an achievement level that is established for all average students. Instead, support should be geared towards meeting the needs specific to these children. This is to say that children have varying experiences which may affect learning and performance (Bowman 1994). Overestimating the abilities of gifted children which may lead to unintentional neglect of their needs may hinder them from achieving their full potential. The present curriculum in most educational system is designed for average students. In this scenario, the average students are benefiting more in the curriculum because they are learning things while the gifted students are just left listening to concepts that they have already mastered. The average students are compelled to study and practice in order to hone their skills. In contrast, the gifted students do not need to struggle to learn. In most cases, this experience has taught them that everything comes out way too easy; hence, they may not be as receptive to new ideas as average students do. Since gifted students can easily understand and acquire skills due to the average pace of teaching, they usually suffer from boredom and frustrat ion (Collins 2001, p.xiv). Further, since they are not challenged, most of them gradually lack motivation resulting to underachievement (Diezman, Faragher, Lowrie & Bicknell 2004, p. 8). As a matter of fact, there are gifted students who do not perform well simply because they lack interest or are occupied with perfectionism (CCEA 2006, p.6). In the long run, this lack of motivation may result to being left behind, achieving things below their levels. Therefore, it is important to

I need for you to find a common theme among these three proposals Research Paper - 1

I need for you to find a common theme among these three proposals - Research Paper Example On one hand, we have the Middle East. The Arab-Israeli conflict spans about one century of open hostilities and political tensions between the Palestinians and the Israelis- this being in spite of the fact that Israel was formally established only in 1948. On the other, there is the war in Afghanistan, which was launched by the US and the UK against the Taliban regime of Afghanistan in response to the 9/11 terror attacks. The Korean Peninsula is also a troubled zone, with the seemingly never-ending rivalries between North Korea and South Korea. In South Asia, India and Pakistan are always in a state of political tension over the disputed land of Kashmir; China’s relations with India are not too friendly either. Maintaining global peace in Third World countries has largely become the responsibility of the developed nations, which are, as Klare says, â€Å"deeply involved in the process of militarization† of these countries. There needs to be a strategy that the developed countries can follow to ensure that peace and security is maintained both within and without their less developed counterparts. Klare says that these strategy should follow the hierarchy of priorities that he proposes: Both Israel and North Korea have amassed huge arsenals of nuclear weapons. As for chemical weapons and ballistic missiles, the Taliban in Afghanistan have a huge stock of rockets, missiles and similar weapons. An international black market in conventional weapons exists and there is a large and regular flow of illicit arms into Afghanistan. All these have worrisome implications and can only be effectively controlled by the superpowers. Klare gives an example of how superpowers may help to downsize the arms trade problem. â€Å"A similar approach to downsizing the arms trade problem would be to convene ‘quadrilateral’ talks involving two regional rivals and their respective superpower patrons. Assuming that Moscow and Washington

Blind and Vision Impairment Essay Example for Free

Blind and Vision Impairment Essay Millions of Americans have the tendency to confuse being vision impaired as being blind but in all actuality they are different. This summary will break down the different components of blindness and vision impaired highlighting the components of the two. Blindness: When a person is legally blind their visual acuity is 20/200 or worse in the better eye with corrective lenses (20/200 means that a person at 20 feet from an eye chart can see what a person with normal vision could see at 200 feet). Visual field restriction to 20 degrees or less (tunnel vision) in the better is another component to blindness. An individual who suffers from advanced glaucoma, retinal degenerations, and neurologic disorders usually qualify under this criterion. Legal blindness is very common in older people because eyesight tends to worsen with time and age. Approximately 135 out of every 1,000 people over the age of 65 are considered legally blind. About 1. 3 million Americans fall into this category. Only about 10% of legally blind people read Braille, and a much smaller percentage use white canes or guide dogs. Vision Impairment: Visual Impairment or Vision Impairment is vision loss that constitutes a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from disease, trauma, or a congenital or degenerative condition that cannot be corrected by conventional means, including refractive correction, medication, or surgery. Partially sighted indicates some type of visual problem, with a need of a person to receive special education in some cases. Low vision generally refers to a severe visual impairment, not necessarily limited to distance vision. Low vision applies to all individuals with sight who are unable to read the newspaper at a normal viewing distance, even with the aid of eyeglasses or contact lenses. They use a combination of vision and other senses to learn, although they may require adaptations in lighting or the size of print, and sometimes, Braille. Common phrases used with vision impairment is near-sighted or short-sighted, the correct term is Myopic which is unable to see distant objects clearly. Another common phrases used with vision impairment is far-sighted or long-sighted; the correct term is Hyperopic which is unable to see close objects clearly.

Communication Skills in Assessment of Service User

Communication Skills in Assessment of Service User An Evaluation of the communication skills demonstrated in the assessment of a service user This assignment will analyse the communication skills of a physical skill that has been observed by a member of staff whilst in practice. Furthermore relevant literature will be explored to interpret if the communication skills that were used were the most effective including that of both verbal and non-verbal communication skills. All names have been changed for patient confidentiality in accordance with the NMC guidelines (NMC, 2008). The name will be changed to Mr. Smith. Any form of interaction is done through communication as a skill. To human interaction it is pivotal. Communication is a process which enables people to relate with those around them and to make concerns and needs know very well indeed. Communication can be verbal and non- verbal.Peate (2005) states that non- verbal communication reinforces a verbally communicated message. Non-judgemental interactions are focused on therapeutic communication, helps settle emotional conflicts and supports heart to heart talks allowing a patient to feel safe and free to share their true feelings, fears, values, hopes and ideas. This assignment is going to be discussed about a physical observed assessment which was observed during practice at placement. Mr. Smith was a gentleman who admitted to the ward with a viral infection. This infection caused his stomach and his intestines to become inflamed. At the same time Mr. Smith suffers learning disability were he could brutally impairs both verbal communication and cognition. Due to Mr. .Smith’s condition he lives in a care home .he had lived at this care home for ten years. Mr. Smith had been eating pureed diet food and his drinks used to be thickened however he begun to vomit. The patient’s bloods were done and showed that his renal function was becoming severely damaged followed by dehydration. Therefore Mr. Smith immediately required a cannula to administer IV fluids intravenously. My mentor went to cannulate Mr. Smith. My mentor was instructed of Mr. Smith’s fragile and was also informed that his level of thoughtful was impaired and he would not be capable of verbal consent due to his condition. My mentor went to Mr. Smith’s bed side as he was in a bay not in side room. She drew the curtains first for the dignity of the patient. She explained to him as to what she was going to do, she took his left arm which was closer to her and began to look for a clear vein, she could see so that she will be able to administer the cannula. The patient became distressed and started to shout and shows that he was in pain. After the cannula was in position my mentor left the bay and informed the person who was in charge that Mr. Smith can now have IV access and IV fluids could now be started. My mentor who cannulated Mr. Smith failed to introduce herself which is important when conducting nursing skills. First impressions last, by identifying yourself as well as your role provides patients with the feeling that you are genuine and that they are being respected (Henderson, 2004). Kate Granger, a medical registrar who is terminally ill found that many staff failed to introduce themselves during her stay in hospital. This revelation brought in the â€Å"hello my name is† campaign in order to prompt staff to introduce themselves to all patients (NHS England, 2014). However (Parahoo 2006) stated that â€Å"The process of agreeing to take part in a study based on access to all relevant and easily digestible information about what participation means, in particular, in terms of harms and benefits†. Although Mr. Smith suffered with severe learning difficulties he still should have been addressed the same as any other patient on the ward. Nurses should always maintain a therapeutic nurse-client relationship by establishing and maintaining nursing knowledge and skills as well as applying caring attitudes and behaviors (Forchuk etal, 2000). Therapeutic nursing services based on trust, respect, empathy and professional intimacy contribute highly to the patients’ health and wellbeing (Hupcey etal, 2001). Mr Smith was given a verbal informative account of the cannulation process and the reason for doing this by the mentor. Verbal language is one of the principal ways in which we communicate and is a successful method in both gathering and informing patients of their condition (Berry, 2007). It is usually a two way process where a message is sent, understood and feedback is given (Apker, 2001). It also successful for a patient to describe their level of pain (Stevenson, 2004). Ensuring a patient has understood what has been said is vital (Grover, 2005). This process normally involves both open and closed questions and often have the ability to ascertain a vast amount of factual information. The nurse who cannulated Mr. Smith did verbally tell Mr. Smith what she was going to do however this method alone failed to ensure that Mr. Smith had understood what was happening to him. She was aware of his condition but failed to ensure that he understood the process. There are grouped together into two categories which is Open questions and closed questions. Open questions are used when you want to help someone to ‘open up’ about themselves, or to give you some insights into how they feeling or to explore a situation in more depth. Open questions do not allow a straightforward ‘yes’ or ‘no’ response, but it will invite the patients to talk about the topic like what Mr. Smith did to my mentor. Not everyone will feel able to open up’ easily and share their deep thoughts and feelings. Some people needs to go step by step and to be led by interviewer until they gain confidence to go deeper. This is why closed questions also have an important role to play. Closed questions invite a straightforward ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer, they are necessary in gathering factual information in as straightforward a way as possible. Poor listening skills and conducting skills without the patient fully understanding can affect the therapeutic relationship and often form a barrier to communication (Andrews Smith, 2001). Environmental barriers such as a busy ward or a stressed nurse can often reduce the level of empathy and influence effective communication (Endacott Cooper, 2009). However nurses should always remain compassionate towards patients regardless of stress levels and workload (Von Dietze Orb, 2000). My mentor’s technique did not comply with the NMC guidelines in regards to consent as she failed to inform the patient of the process therefore Mr. Smith would not have known what he was consenting too. Consent in respect of people with learning disabilities is compound and can carry a step of risk for both patients and healthcare professionals. In this situation Mr. Smith was unable to provide consent and the cannula that he acquired was in his best interest. However, nevertheless of the patients understanding the offer of consent should still be attempted (Green, 1999). Timby, (2005) stresses that a patient’s right to autonomy should be upheld and respected regardless of gender, race, religion, culture and disability. Communication is vital in all aspects of nursing. However well practiced communication techniques are ineffectual if the central notion of the interpersonal connection goes unacknowledged (Arnold Boggs, 2007). Charlton etal (2008) argue that there are two different communication styles, biomedical and biopsychosocial. The biomedical style concentrates on specific information concerning the patient’s condition that is information focused. The biopsychosocial style is a patient centered approach which is conducted by determining patients’ needs to provide the most effective communication method. My mentor ideally should have formed an action plan to determine the most effective way of communicating with Mr. Smith in order to carry out the cannulation process. As every patient is different their needs must be assessed prior to carrying out any invasive procedures. A patient centered approach is said to have a more positive impact on patient outcomes. However there is little research that discusses interpersonal skills in contrast to a vast amount of rich research that discusses basic communication skills despite evidence suggesting that patient centered care is the most effective method (Jones, 2007). Patients with learning difficulties who have difficulties with both verbalising and thoughtful often have barriers in relation to communication. This leads to a breakdown in communication and in turn can lead to their health needs not being met (Turnbull Chapman, 2010). Kacperek, (1997) defines nonverbal communication as the term used to use to describe all forms of communication not controlled by speech. Argyle, (1988) suggests that the nonverbal component of communication is five times more influential than the verbal aspect. When Mr. Smith was cannulated my mentor lacked the use of nonverbal communication. Studies have often indicated that language has no real occurrence when communicating with patients (Foley, 2010). Nonverbal action such as body language, touch, posture, facial expressions and eye contact show many emotions without having to verbalise (Foley, 2010). Furthermore Crawford et al (2006) states that sometimes patients just need you to be there, quiet and listening and this can also be achieved using the acronym SOLER. Consequently, a good listener will always pay attention to non-verbal cues too and this encourages the patients to open up giving more information and expressing their concerns. (Albert’s et al 2012) suggest that from this it can be deducted that respect is given to a patient’s contribution best when they are listened too. The Soler acronym is also an aid to identify and remember the behaviors that should be implemented in order to achieve effective communication (Burnard, 1992). This tool comprises of position of seat, open posture, leaning towards the patient, eye contact and relaxation. If these techniques of non-verbal communication were used Mr. Smith may have felt less anxious and more reassured (Mason, 2010). Dougherty Lister, (2008) is in agreement with this theory as he argues that remaining eye contact, lowering stance to the patient’s level and gently touching the patients hand whilst verbally communicating has a great effect at reducing symptoms of anxiety. Although touch is seen to be an effective form of nonverbal communication which can help put a patient at ease if they are feeling anxious or upset. It is important to note that this technique is not appropriate for all patients as not all patients will feel comfortable with closeness can interpret this as invasion of personal space (Heidt, 1981). Cooperating with people with learning disabilities appears to contemporary difficulties for health care providers (Thornton, 1999). According to Angermeyer, (2005) a significant stigma exists in regards to learning disability patients as it tends to carry the label of â€Å"different† (Angermeyer, 2005). Schafer etal, (2011) says that this negative stigma is due to a range of factors such as ignorance and misinformation stemming from lack of knowledge. However, the NMC, (2015) competency standard instill that all nurses are to deliver high quality compassionate care encompassing ethical and cultural issues as well as disability. Jormfeldt, (2010) has shown that a high level of nursing education in both theoretical and practical settings can positively influence attitudes of nurse’s perceptions towards learning disability. In addition, reflection is seen as a vital component of coping in these environments as it offers a process where student nurses can challenge, compare and critique their value systems and embrace the process of change to a positive attitude towards patients with disabilities. Dodd Brunker, (1999) argue that by forming collaborative partnerships with both carer’s and professionals who are involved in the patients care can enable you to assess the patient’s communication skills and their preferred method of communication. Furthermore, in accordance with the NMC (2015) guidelines it is essential that all nurses must treat all patients with respect and dignity and not discriminate in any way regardless of their age, gender, race and or disability. To improve the situation the nurse who cannulated Mr. Smith could have liaised with the nursing home where Mr. Smith resided. This could have given the nurse vital information regarding Mr. Smiths likes and dislikes and could have provided her with the most effective way to carry out the procedure. Carers or family members could have been asked to accompany the nurse which could have put Mr. Smith at ease. Passports are becoming increasing popular which accompany patients who suffer with learning disabilities into the hospital environment. These documents are customised to each individual and summarise the patient and can often aid in providing the best patient centered care. Health care professionals are legally able to access essential information which carers possess in relation to communication with an individual with special needs or challenging behavior (Michael, 2008). Nurses should always put patients individual needs first and understand what is best for the patient ethically rather than that of a professional opinion alone (Mencap, 2007). In conclusion, this assignment has explored the communication skills that were observed during the cannulation process. It is evident that communication is important in nursing care and that assessments of patients are paramount in providing patient centered care. However, communication is certainly a principle commanding for the real caring. Performance and communication of caring and capability at this time have a main effect on the ability of patients and relations to adjust the update, reflect choices, and adjust to anything deceptions forward. Lack of awareness in regards to the best way of communicating with patients can pose a high risk to patients as many people working within the healthcare sector may not have a clear understanding of learning disabilities unless they are specialised. Further training may be needed to ensure that all health care workers are able to provide compassionate care to patients with learning disabilities. Individuals with learning disabilities have the right to be treated the same way as others, regardless of the severity of their disability as all patients should be entitled to a professional and effective service during their experience within the healthcare environment. REFERENCES Andrews, C., Smith, J. (2001). Medical nursing. London, United Kingdom: Harcourt publishers. Angermeyer, M.H. (2005). Labeling, Stereotyping Discrimination. Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40(5), 391-395. Apker, J. (2001). Role development in the managed care era: A case of hospital-based nursing. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 29(2), 117-136. Argyle, M. (1988). Bodily Communication. London, United Kingdom: Methuen. Arnold, E., Boggs, K. U. (2007). Interpersonal Relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders. Berry, D. (2007). Basic forms of communication. Health communication theory and practice. England, United Kingdom: Open University Press. Burnard, P. (1992). A communication skills guide for hospital care workers. London, United Kingdom: Elsevier. Charlton, C. R., Dearing, K. S., Berry, J. A., Johnson, M. J. (2008). Nurse practitioners 10 communication styles and their impact on patient outcomes: an integrated literature review. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 20, 382–8. Dougherty, L., Lister, S. (2008). The royal marsden hospital manual of clinical nursing procedures. Italy: Wiley Blackwell. Dodd, K., Brunker, J. (1999). Feeling poorly: report of a pilot study aimed to increase the ability of people with learning disabilities to understand and communicate about physical illness. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 27, 10–15. Endacott, R., Cooper, S. (2009). Nursing skills core and advanced. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Foley, G.N. (2010). Non-verbal communication in psychotherapy. Edgemont. 7(6), 38-44 Forchuk, C., Westwell, J., Martin, M., Bamber- Azzapardi, W., Kosterewa-Tolman, D., Hux, M. (2000). The developing nurse-client relationship: Nurses’ perspectives, 6(1), 3-10. Green, C. (1999). Nurses and the law of consent. Nursing Times, 95(5), 44–45. Grover, S.M. (2005). Shaping effective communication skills and therapeutic relationships at work. Aaohan Journal. 53(4), 177-182. Heidt, P. (1981). 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