Poker Flat Essay

Do you think people can control how or if the die; even if inevitable? This unique story by Francis Bret Harte â€Å"The Outcast of Poker Flat†, has a grey western setting. Harte explores the mind of a gambler who is exiled from a warped town. Two literary devices regionalism and naturalism content is evident throughout, giving the story a feeling of hopelessness of survival. The regionalism in â€Å"The Outcast of Poker Flat† separates the characters from the town in such a way that is ironic. â€Å"I reckon they are after somebody† is said by the main character in the beginning of the story showing strong dialect on how the speech is in the town. The dialect is a western slang with an unintelligent tone to the towns people. The quote also shows the tense situation in that town specifically; everyone is on edge whispering among each other as the main character walks into a bar. They irony between the towns people and the so called â€Å"criminal† outcast was shown strongly in the leader of the town cleanup crew â€Å"†¦the leader spoke briefly and to the point. The exiles were forbidden to return at the peril of their lives†. What is so ironic about this is the role reversal. Who are the criminals, what group is doing the most wrong in this situation? The pessimism and dismay for the outcast soon after had clear naturalis m. The outcast were exiled from the town of Poker Flat. â€Å"It was distant a day’s severe travel. In that advanced season, the party soon passed out of the moist, temperate regions of the foot-hills into the dry, cold, bracing air of the Sierras.† The brutal environment would test the outcasts ability to survive. Since the group was not prepared for the cold temperatures or the dangerous Sierras survival seemed futile. The outcast start to give up â€Å"Toward morning they found themselves unable to feed the fire, which gradually died away. As the embers slowly blackened, the Duchess crept closer to Piney, and broke the silence of many hours: â€Å"Piney, can you pray?† â€Å"No, dear,† said Piney, simply.† the environment is dwindling away at the outcast survival until they parish. The outcast have been victims of naturalism they were not prepared for the hard unforgiving Sierra mountains. Two literary devices regionalism and naturalism content is evident throughout, giving the story a feeling of hopelessness of survival. These  devices create and understanding of the story. They help separate two similar but different concepts.

What Makes Johnny Depp the Actor He Is?

John Christopher Depp, better known as Johnny Depp is leading American actor known for his versatile characters in a number of Hollywood films. He was born in Kentucky, was raised in Florida where his parents separated due to a divorce when he was only 16 years of age. He strayed away from his siblings and peers into a life of drugs and alcohol at a very young age as a result dropped out of school and wanted to pursue a career in rock music. Over the next few years Johnny fronted a number of garage bands including the Kids and Iggy Pop. Raising popularity and sense of achievement along with determination and hope for stardom inspired him to move to Los Angles along with his band. There he met and married Lori Allison who suggested that he should try his luck with acting and introduced him to Nicolas Cage. Depp made his film debut in A Nightmare on El Street and later did a popular TV serial named 21 Jump Street in which his role as an undercover cop was much appreciated. After this he did a number of teen oriented movies until his next big break came with the movie Edward Scissorhands which was directed by Tim Burton. The flick turned to be a huge success which gave Depp the reputation of a serious, dark and idiosyncratic performer selecting future roles which surprised critics and audiences as the roles were very odd and unusal. Depp has been extremely in consistent with his relationships as he divorced Lori Allsion and was engaged to Sherilyn Fenn who was his co star in one of the films. He then had a series of love interests which include Jennifer Gray and costar Winona Ryder. Later he went on to date a leading British model Kate Moss and then finally leaving her to settle down with Venessa Paradis along with his two children, Lily and Jack in Paris, France. During his career Johnny has been a number of accusations which bought him into the public eye, first of which was the use and selling to drugs in 1993 and then the following year he was accused of trashing and smashing of a suite in New York. In 1999 he was arrested for beating paparazzi outside a restaurant in London. As a child he was engaged in self harm as explained by him in an interview in 1993 where he recollected that family problems and a sense of insecurity led him to inflict wound to his body. However, there may be a lot of ups and downs in his private life on screen Depp developed himself as an incredible actor. During the 90’s he was able to deliver hit after hit on the box office but it was not until 2003 in his role as Jack Sparrow in the Pirates of the Caribbean which bought him into the lime light once more. His role as a pirate was much appreciated especially due to the on screen appearance in long ugly locks, gold teeth and a goatee. Earlier Depp had refused to do the role unless he got to dress his own way which enlists his as an actor who upholds the principles of creatively and the art of performance. He told that he had a strong feeling about the character which he couldn’t control so he had to diverge from the views of the director to develop a character which would be remembered for decades. His talents with the sword in the movie and special idiosyncratic way of walking in the movie are referred to as outstanding accomplishment as a performer. Depp has played singular and distinctive types of characters and his versatility has made many directors his huge fans especially Tim Burton with whom he has worked on seven projects. He is an intriguing actor who is interested in doing different characters and trying new things without the fear of his image. He is willing to take risks and try different things as with his film Charlie and the Chocolate Factory in which he portrayed Willy Wonka which was reclusive and worrisome character which he loved to play. His latest adventure is Alice and the Wonderland which is also a directorial of Tim Burton in which Depp features as Mad Hatter another mad character who is thought to suffer from mercury poisoning. With the frizzy orange wig, frock coat over a red waistcoat, top hat, white painted face with green lenses he is almost unrecognizable in his freaky character for Alice and the Wonderland. In an interview he claimed that he envisions the character after a thorough research and try to add a part of himself to the character which makes it so distinct. Along with his talents in acting Depp is still pursuing his first passion which was music as has done a number of solo projects and plays with the band named P. Depp and Paradis grow grapes and have a wine making facility in Saint-Topez in France. He has had three academy award nominations for Pirates of the Caribbean, Finding Neverland and Sweeney Todd. He won his only Golden Globe award in 2008 for the portrayal of Sweeney Todd. References 1. http://movies. ign. com/articles/633/633236p1. html 2. http://www. telegraph. co. uk/culture/film/starsandstories/7205720/Tim-Burton-and-Johnny-Depp-interview-for-Alice-In-Wonderland. html 3. http://www. ugo. com/channels/filmTv/features/piratesofthecaribbean/johnnydepp. asp 4. http://www. johnnydepp. com/bio. htm 5. http://www. imdb. com/name/nm0000136/bio 6. http://www. johnnydeppfan. com/interviews/ias. htm 7.

Marketing Across Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Marketing Across Cultures - Essay Example Thus what is seen is just as important as what is written or what is spoken. Therefore visual or non-verbal communications about brands and products must be adapted to culture to connect with people in high context cultures. In particular, people from high context cultures are more socially oriented and prefer to have face-to-face, or interpersonal dealings in communications (Usunier & Lee, 2009). The idea is to establish some sort of a connection to consumers in high context cultures. For example, when distributing goods in places like China, Japan and India, connections can be made by appealing to local cultural symbols. Japan’s high uncertainty avoidance culture makes it the most difficult market for foreigners to penetrate. High uncertainty avoidance cultures are usually not amenable to anything new or uncertain. Thus the state and social norms typically implement rules and norms to restrict the introduction of uncertainty in terms of the introduction of anything or any ph enomenon that is foreign or different. China and India are cultures that are more amenable to uncertainty than Japan is (Usunier & Lee, 2009). Many products fulfill both a functional need as well as a social need. When deciding how much to adapt an existing product for a new foreign market, which type of need should a marketer focus on? Explain your answer. When adapting an existing product for a new foreign market the marketer should focus on social needs. For example in masculine cultures where men make a majority of the purchasing decisions, the product should be adapted to appeal to men. Likewise, in â€Å"highly feminine individualist cultures† the social and financial burdens are shared by men and women (Usunier & Lee, 2009, p. 71). Thus when adapting an existing product to this culture, the product does not have to be gender-specific. However other cultural norms may require adaptation. For example, explicit images displaying some degree of nudity in packaging may be o ffensive to some cultures. A food product such as a soup brand may want to replace a soup made of forbidden meat products with a more appropriate meat in countries where the meat is not an acceptable food source. This will be particularly important in high uncertainty avoidance cultures. High feminine collectivist cultures are similar to high feminine individualist cultures in that men and women share responsibilities for economic and social decisions. However, these individuals typically lack individual authority. Thus products must be adapted so that they appeal to this group dynamic. It therefore follows that products should be more family oriented as high feminine collectivist cultures emphasize the importance of the family as a whole. As Usunier and Lee (2009), in high feminine collectivist cultures, the entire family has a significant influence on â€Å"consumption behaviour† (Usunier & Lee, 2009, p. 71). Comparing a supermarket in Tokyo, Japan with one in Dallas, Texas , which of the two is likely to have higher sales of snacks and sweets (Items usually found near the cash register at the checkout)? Explain your answer using the most relevant cultural dimension. Items are typically placed near the cash register in supermarkets and other stores generally to appeal to impulsive or unplanned consumer purchasing behaviour. Asian cultures are typically linked to the collectivist dimension of

Why is Leadership an important but controversial area of Essay

Why is Leadership an important but controversial area of Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example The present research has identified that leadership for the purpose of this paper refers to the managerial process in which the manager of an organization guides, supports, motivates subordinates so the latter can fulfill their duties accordingly to the plan and goal of the organization. In short, it refers to the process of accomplishing organizational goals through others. The researcher states that organization behavior, on the other hand, is about studying the impact of individuals including leaders, groups, and structures on how people behave within organizations. Its roles include promoting organizational performance, organizational development and also the satisfaction and performance of people in the organization. This paper then asserts that leadership is important to promoting organizational effectiveness or organization performance because of the important functions that a leader would do to attain goals and objectives. It is the leader that defines that tasks and how to d o the same through other people in organizations. In doing the same, he would most probably need followers or group of individuals who would have to work with the said leader. It is clear that the leadership must be very if tasks need to be done by people, who would have to influenced, directed and motivated to action. Without a leader who calls the shots, it is hard to see a group moving towards a direction.

In the play Death of a Salesmen What is Miller's definition of the Essay

In the play Death of a Salesmen What is Miller's definition of the American Dream What does Miller suggest that the Am - Essay Example Throughout the text Arthur Miller never openly states his concept of the American Dream, instead demonstrating fallacies surrounding this concept. Still, it’s clear that in considering the cynical elements in relation to their positive converse, one is able to articulate a concept of Miller’s American Dream. In one of the most crucial scenes in the play, Willy Loman asks his boss for a raise. In a desperate plea to convince Howard, Loman relays an anecdotal tale. He states, And when I saw that, I realized that selling was the greatest career a man could want. ’Cause what could be more satisfying than to be able to go, at the age of eighty-four, into twenty or thirty different cities, and pick up a phone, and be remembered and loved and helped by so many different people? (Miller Act II, scene ii). This is a complex statement. In some regards, one can argue that Miller is implementing a touch of comedic irony in Loman’s overly enthusiastic support for his t raveling salesman job. However, in another context the job represents for Loman a partial realization of the American Dream. In this profession he has found a meaningful means of procuring a living.

Employability Portfolio Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employability Portfolio - Coursework Example For example, I did some marketing activities as a source of extra income to bear my educational expenses and also, to gather some experiences of real life. Additionally, I have engaged myself into some sort of voluntary organization, for example, blood donating organization, schooling for underprivileged slum children, etc, which enriched my managing capacity and practical knowledge. I think, I will be able to relate the both side- internship requirements and my personal attainment. The crucial thing is that I am yet to complete my academic accomplishment and have to go through practical field. For that reason, I need to be coped with applicability of academic theories and knowledge. So, it just a matter of time and practical tasks I will go about. In that way I will be able to fill the gap and will be succeeded to integrate the both. In terms of my academic qualification, I completed my graduation from university of Dhaka around business management. In addition, I am engaged with some organizations as voluntary activists. In this way, I am contended with management of organization. I also did some marketing activities beside my study as an extra source of income to support personal and educational expenses. I intend to relate my marketing experience with practical marketing fields. So, I think, I am best fitted to your required internship personnel. I have just provided my study and work qualification briefly for your sincere consideration. How can I explain else within the certain limitation? Please, feel free to contact me via my e-mail or phone to discuss elaborately. Business and marketing always go hand in hand in today’s commercial world where both are inevitable for the development of any region, country, as well as the whole world. For its unavoidable impact on modern society, it is wiser to be engaged with these, and also be coped with its every minute updates and analysis. Putting a sharp observation to these, I chose to come

Case study for client with bipolar disorder mental health assessment

For client with bipolar disorder mental health assessment - Case Study Example Experiencing the growing disharmony in their married life, the husband has decided that it is time for an intervention for Sarah. Threatened with divorce, Sarah has now understood her position and agreed for an assessment: she really wishes to put an end to the troubles she is causing and agreed to take therapy to reduce the risk of harmful behavior. A comprehensive clinical assessment needs to be made. After ascertaining the details of the history of her illness, information as to what triggered her first episode would be obtained. She had been upset after the death of her father whom she had doted upon. The assessment of her needs would be elicited from this initial health history which would bring relevant information about her past episodes and present state. The care plan would then be drawn up keeping in mind the necessity to prevent Sarah from having the repeated episodes. She needs to be offered the chance of a positive outcome. Her marital life must not suffer and she must learn how to adjust to the changes in her behavior. Continuous and repeated assessment which provides accuracy of details should enable a sound care plan to be devised (Elder, 2009, p. 174). A collaborative approach and effective therapy should be able to help her secure jobs and remain in the same job for long periods and also enjoy a secure harmonio us married life. As mental illnesses are now treated within the community and not institutions, Sarah’ care plan should allow her to return to a normal life within the society. A complete health history has to be elicited. Pre-existing surgeries, co-morbidities, drugs, allergies and family history of mental health disorders are some of the subjects enquired about. Early parental loss could be a risk factor for bipolar disorder (Mortensen, 2003, p. 1209). Family history of parents or siblings with bipolar disorder or another affective disorder increases the risk of bipolar disorder (Mortensen, 2003, p. 1211). Co morbidities in

Anorexia Nervosa in Today's Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Anorexia Nervosa in Today's Society - Essay Example Although Anorexia Nervosa mostly affects female population aged 15 - 30, girls under 15 and women above 30 can suffer from this disorder as well. Thus, the oldest patient reported was a woman of 68 without any prior history of eating disorders (Dally, 1984). Anorexia affects certain share of male population: estimated 10 to 15 percent of people with anorexia are men. The highest occurrence of anorexia among males is reported in the age group of young adolescents from 7 to 14 years: nearly 25 percent of anorexia cases in this age group are boys (Herman-Giddens et al, 1997). Experts identify two types of Anorexia Nervosa: food restricting type, and binge eating (purging). The most common characteristic of the restricting type is substantial reduction in calories intake (normally to 300 to 700 kcal per day) and intensive physical over-exercising. By contrast, in the binging type intake of calories may be either small or as high as several thousand followed by purging - self-induced or pharmacologically conditioned vomiting (Yager & Andersen, 2005: 1481). Health complications resulting from either type of this eating disorder affect practically all biological systems of human organism. Anorexia Nervosa poses a number of threats in terms of mental and physiological health. Similarly to other eating disorders Anorexia Nervosa frequently co-occur with depression, substance abuse and anxiety disorders (APAWGED, 2000). Physiologically Anorexia Nervosa causes a wide range of health complications some of which - cardiovascular conditions and kidney failure - are life threatening. However, despite the awareness of the risks associated with anorexia, it is on the rise these days, and a number of laymen and experts even believe that anorexia has already become a norm in modern society. A brief inquiry into the etiology of this eating disorder reveals the reasons for such seemingly strange point of view. MAIN DISCUSSION The cause of Anorexia Nervosa isn't fully understood at present. Possible causes of this eating disorder are: destructive influence of family and society, genetic (inherited) factors, brain dysfunction, neurotransmitter levels imbalances, etc. Yet, none of these factors has been proved to be the key determinant of developing Anorexia as well as no specific life experiences are linked to onset of this eating disorder. Several recent twin studies suggest that Anorexia Nervosa is more than other eating disorders associated with a genetic predisposition (Paris, 1999). Many recent studies associate the risk of developing Anorexia Nervosa with media influence. Evidences and arguments provided by these studies deserve particular attention: media influence may be one of the central factors in extremely high incidence of Anorexia Nervosa among female adolescents. Absolute majority of anorexia nervosa incidents occur in female population: according to estimations of American Psychiatric Association

The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business Case Study

The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business - Case Study Example The cruise issued receipts to passengers that had a clause stating that any claim made by either the employees or the passengers must be made under the country in which the cruise flag. For this case, the cruise flag a Liberia flag hence any claim to be made must be under the Liberia law.  For a ship to operate international, it should have a country of registry for it to operate in the international water. Cruise vessels of countries such as United Kingdom, United States, Netherlands, Panama, Norway, Bahamas, Netherlands, and Liberia are provided with the flag registry. These countries are members of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as they provide the vessel owners with the registry services and maritime expertise. In a competitive international shipping industry, flag registration requirement must be met. The first requirement is that the flag state should be a member of International Maritime Organization (IMO) that adopt the IMO's maritime safety Resolutions and C onventions and secondly is that a flag state must have an established maritime organization that is capable of enforcing all international and national regulations.  Since the DWI cruise ship flies Liberian "flag of convenient", they are normally are under a regulatory agency of maritime experts that ensure shipping companies are compliant with the laws of commercial vessels registered in that country in areas of operation procedures and practices. (International Council of Cruise Lines, 2006) DWI issued tickets to Mr. and Mrs. Lowell stating that any claim made by both the passengers and the employees against the shipping company should be made under the law of the country in which the cruise flag. The DWI cruise Minnow happened to fly Liberian flag, therefore, any claim made against the shipping company should be made under the Liberian law.  Under the Liberian law, any property of the wife belongs to the husband and she has no capacity claim for them or even claims for his in juries. When Mrs. Lowell returned to Miami, her attorney faxes a letter to DWI shipping company requesting them to send to the $10 million within 10 business day in regards to Mr. and Mrs. Lowell incident. Indeed the Lowell suffered during the robbery incident in their cabin and they lost valuable items like jewelry. But according to the Liberian law, the wife has no capacity to sue for his husband injuries and even if the jewelry belonged to her, she has no capacity to sue for them since they belong to the husband. However, Mrs. Lowell was also battered and suffered emotional distress during the robbery incident. For this case, her attorney can sue the shipping company for negligence under the law of tort. Her attorney needs to argue that Mrs. Lowell suffered after the robbery incident, therefore, sues the company for damages for breach of contract; infliction of emotional distress; assault and battery. She is entitled to remedies for damages due to negligence on the side of the sh ipping company for there was no clause on the ticket on this and they owed her a duty of care during while on their ship as a passenger. Under the Liberian law, the law of tort protects the individuals' interest in their bodily security and its objective of the remedy is to reinstate a person's initial position.

International Accounting Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Accounting Standards - Essay Example Many instances were reported by the relevant stakeholders, where the management had concealed liabilities by classifying a lease as an operating lease where it should have been classified as a Finance lease based on the economic reality. To cater these issues IASB drafted and enforced a proper standard â€Å"Accounting for leases†. As the objective indicates, the standard has been divided into two main sections, Operating Lease and Finance Lease. This particular classification has been based on the transfer of risk and rewards of the underlying asset to lessee or lessor. Further aspects distinguishing the leases are discussed below in detail. The scope of the standard proposes it's non – applicability on the following areas: â€Å"Leases to explore minerals, oils, natural gas and similar non-generative resources; Licensing agreements for items as motion picture films, video recordings, manuscripts, patents and copyrights (because they are under scope of IAS 38). IAS 17 shall not be applied as the basis for measurement for leases discussed under IAS 40 (Investment property) and IAS 41 (biological assets). The standard will not apply to contract of services that do not transfer the right to use assets from one contracting party to the other†. (Financedoctors, n.d.) The standard has been further segregated into two aspects. ... In the books of the Bank, it will appear as an Investment held as finance lease with its relating receivables. The classification is explained below in further detail with the criteria defined by the standard as to when a lease is described as a Finance Lease. (Deloitte, 2012) Let's consider the implications of a Lease agreement from the perspective of Lessee. An operating lease is fairly simple to understand and account for. Lease payments under an operating lease arrangement are documented as an expense in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. The distribution of expense is usually done on a straight line basis over the lease term, unless a more logical basis provides a better representation. In the case of operating lease, the asset is not recognised by the lessee in his books of accounts. Instead the asset remains the property of the Lessor, and only used by the lessee in exchange for rentals, recognised as expense for the lessee. (Deloitte, 2012; BPP, 2012) Finance lease become s a little tricky to curtail. As under a finance lease agreement the asset is recognised in the books of the Lessee and subsequently depreciation is charged for the asset in the books of Lessee. Simultaneously, a liability is constructed in the Lessees books in relation to the leased asset. The classification is subject to certain criteria laid down by the standard. An asset is classified as a finance lease subject to the agreements economic reality rather than its legal form. The main factor to be considered is the transfer of risk and rewards. (Deloitte, 2012; BPP, 2012) Circumstances that would lead to a lease being classified as a finance lease are; â€Å"transfer of ownership to lessee at the end of lease term, the Bargain Purchase Option at the end of lease term,

Coca cola marketing research Essay Example for Free

Coca cola marketing research Essay The Coca-Cola company was established back in 1886 and it is most famous of creating the soft drink Coca Cola. Based on a global brand study, Coca Cola was the world’s most valuable brand in 2011. Though, just like all those â€Å"old† and well developed brands, Coca Cola is facing aging problem, a disconnection with the younger generation and it seems like people are not picking up coca cola as a trendy drink and a sign of coolness anymore as there are so many other drinks available in the market nowaday. In order to make the brand’s image younger, Coca Cola started a campaign back in 2011 called â€Å"Share a Coke†, internally known as â€Å"Project Connect†. It is a worldwide campaign that started with their Australia team and in 2014 the campaign has finally reached Hong Kong. There are two objectives for this campaign, to get the attention of the younger generation and to make them feel like Coca Cola is still a trendy and cool thing to be talking about and another communication objective for the campaign is really just to have everyone to talk about Coca Cola again, both in the real and virtual world. As mentioned, Coca cola is trying to get collection with young people again and to make Coca Cola the cool thing to be talking about among people, so the target audience of the campaign is young adults focusing on demographic of 18 – 25 years old, who is health consumers, affluent and really is the current and future major stakeholders for the brand. In order to bring people together to â€Å"Share a Coke†, Coca Cola swapped out Coke’s classic label on bottles and cans with 200 of Hong Kong’s most popular nick names, like â€Å"Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã§Å¡â€¡ (queen), â€Å"Gag 王 (joke maker)†, †Buddy†, â€Å"ç ²â€°Ã§ µ ²(fans)†, â€Å"é â€Ã¤ º º(expert)†, â€Å"Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã§ ¥Å¾ (goddess)†, â€Å"ç” ·Ã§ ¥Å¾ (god)† or common names like â€Å"Yan†, â€Å"Wah†, â€Å"Lee†, â€Å"Fung† and â€Å"Ming† or phases like â€Å"miss you†, â€Å"love you†, â€Å"Oh Dear†, à ¢â‚¬Å"Cheer up† and â€Å"I’m yours† etc. This is one of the strategy that Coca Cola came out to bring together to talk about Coca Cola again, a new concept that Coke came up and wants to promote is â€Å"Shareability†. Coca Cola understands the best way to connect people is to have something they can share or even can send it as a gift to their friends and relatives. Moreover, If you can’t find a nick name, common names nor phases that best represent you or your love one? No worries, Coca Cola had created a web page for customers to go online and create a virtual bottle to share it on social media (e.x. facebook, Instagram and Twitter†¦etc) with their friends and family. Coca Cola would never missed a single person who is interested in â€Å"Share a Coke† out. In other countries, such as the U.S. and U.K., customers with less common names (or basically if you can’t find what you are looking for), they are able to get a mini can customized with their name on it at one of their pop up stops. Because of Hong Kong don’t have the similar promotion, people are starting to sell the service of helping people to order personalized cans and bottles in the U.K. This also helped Coca Cola Hong Kong to create the basic foundation of pull strategy as supply was super limited and it I very time consuming to mail the products from overseas to Hong Kong making the products very hard to get. Another advantage of the success of the â€Å"Share a Coke† campaign overseas is that it offered the Hong Kong campaign a word-of-mouth (WOM) communication and WOM plays an important role as a communications tool in modern marketing. As Kotler (2009) suggests that if an organization can develop a marketing program to harness and  accelerate the use of personal recommendation effectively, the more likely it will be that the marketing program will be successful. This also acted as a demand-created pull strategy, as overseas people were gifting that to people who are living in Hong Kong and Hong Kong people were soon demanding to see this unique style of Coca Cola cans in Hong Kong. As soon as people got hold with a can of the personalized Coca Cola, they will share it on Instagram to show people how cool they are. Indeed, in Hong Kong, before the official campaign launched, Coke partnered with Volkswagen and sent personalized Coke can in a fancy box to younger generation celebrities like Charlene Choi, Gillian Chung, Shiga Lin and PakHo Chau†¦etc. On the cover of that fancy white box, Coca Cola encouraged celebrities to create a post on Instagram with hashtag shoareacokehk and cocacolahk. This encouragement of sharing those â€Å"Share a coke† cans on Instagram or Facebook created another pull strategy which would eventually catching the suppliers’ attention to inquiry to Coca Cola about those unique cans as celebrities are always the focus point for people to follow where the trend is. After this massive breakthrough, â€Å"Share a coke† cans and bottles were then secretly (without any proper announcement† sent to convenience stores like 711, OK and  supermarket likes Wellcome and ParknShop. As soon as they were in stock, people started to treasure hunt to trying to â€Å"share a coke with their love one and to post it on social platforms†, mainly on Instagram and Facebook. *See below images as examples. In a situation like this, the push strategy will play its part in meeting the objectives for this campaign which is letting the supplier know the demand for this product which is created by celebrities influences, social media powers and later advertising. Finally persuading retailers to both stock the product and to actively promote the â€Å"Share a coke† cans to their customers and finally making the product more accessible. Ever since Coca Cola started to encourage people to â€Å"Share a coke†, people have been uploading Instagram and Facebook posts on a regular basis. This is a creative way to make use of the profile strategy as numerous posts will be updated on Instagram everyday automatically under hashtag shareacokehk and cocacolahk and keeping stakeholders/audiences up to date with campaign information and the official Coca Cola Instagram would also share people’s â€Å"Share a coke† moment. This tactic is cost effective for Coca Cola (saved money on hiring a spoke person as many celebrities have automatically became a â€Å"spoke person† the moment they shared their personalized Coca Cola), it created a free of charge profile strategy as fans or lay people will soon follow what celebrities are doing and share a coke with their name on social media platform. This â€Å"Share a Coke† wave has caught media’s attention as bloggers and magazines were reporting this. Therefore, at a later time, personalized cans were also sent to famous bloggers, magazine editors and particular for those who have a high number of followers/fan base on Instagram. In order to â€Å"officially† announce and position Coca Cola in the minds of consumers with a view to differentiation and to inform prospective customers about the â€Å"Share a Coke† campaign, Coca Cola then started to advertise on traditional platform. It aired a television commercial on one of the biggest television channels in Hong Kong-TVB, pointing out the various nickname that people can find to mix and match them. Advertising on national television offer mass coverage, flexible format and uses sight, movement and sound  which fit in with the young adult demographic as things like that will attract their attention. They have also created posters telling people to share a coke with their mom and dad to emphasize the objective of this campaign- shareability of the product, to make people talking about Coca Cola again. Coca Cola also rented several outdoors places at causeway bay (e.x. Sogo), creating a venting machine like billboard starting â€Å"Share a coke with the person next to you, Share Coca Cola, Share happiness† and putting all the available names on there for making potential customers aware of the offering. Advertising outdoor creates a good coverage as a support medium and as the location (Sogo, Causeway bay) is where all the young adults go, it creates a perfect interesting background for young adult to take a picture and share it on Instagram as it is not so easy to spot such a large scale Coca Cola machine in your daily life. *See below images as examples. Ogilvy Mather (the advertising agency behind all these) had also found Jonathan Mak (who editing the Apple logo in remembrance of Steve Jobs) to design a poster inspired by â€Å"Share a Coke† to advertise this campaign. You can see attached, to depict two hands sharing a Coke. This poster has served as something unique, young and trendy to matches with the target audience of the campaign. Evaluation of effectiveness: should be related to the campaign objectives and the particular tools chosen, e.g. advertising could be post-testing, tracking studies, likeability or enquiry tests. Particular market research techniques using qualitative or quantitative methods should be proposed, e.g. focus groups, surveys. A researcher quote in Wilson (2006: p.29) suggests that, â€Å"The proposal is the most important part of the whole research project†. Before we evaluate the effectiveness of the tools use, let me restate the objective of this campaign again, which is to reconnect with young adults and just have people talking about Coca Cola again. In order to evaluate whether or not the television commercial tool is effective or not, I would use likeability test  as to researching to what degree people enjoyed the advertisement and really feel like they have connect with the â€Å"Share a coke† campaign. I propose using quantitative research which is described by Wilson (2006) as a structured approach producing quantifiable data for statistical analysis, gathered from a population  sample or census. I propose that we will create a 5 questions questionnaire asking a combination of descriptive and casual questions like â€Å"What do you feel about Coca Cola‘s â€Å"Share a Coke† campaign†, â€Å"Have you watch the TV commercial about â€Å"Share a coke†Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"Would you consider drinking Coca Cola as a trendy thing after watching the commercial ?†, â€Å"How do you feel about the â€Å"Share a Coke† concept and do you think the commercial has stated what we are trying to offer?†, â€Å"have you shared a coke with anyone after watching the commercial†. I suggest using Facebook as the platform to pass on the questionnaire to random audience that is within the demographic that we are aiming at as it is the most convenient and cost effective way because on Facebook you can set your target audience age to your desired one. Two identical questionnaires should be sent out to the same group of people who are aged between 18-25 across the campaign period to see if the audience has any perception changes over time. We could also get from the data whether or not we are reaching the right target auidences and whether or not this advertisement is doing what we want it to do. The second tool that we are going to evaluate is Instagram as Coca Cola has created it’s own hashtag for the campaign #shareacokehk and #cocacolahk and as our target audience is young adults, Instagram has been a major communication tools for the demographic. Also, Coca Cola has been posting all updates on its official Instagram page and this should be where we get all the noises from as Coca Cola has posted on all it’s advertising communication tools to share it on Instagram. Morevoer, Coca Cola has emphasized shareability over this campaign so the effective use of Instagram is notwithstanding one of the most important evaluation to do. Using Observation research to collect quantitative data would be a good way to analysis the effectiveness of this heavily used tool. I suggest for a consecutive of 30 days, researchers to go through around 100 potential hashtags posting on Instagram, starting with the two official hashtags â€Å"shareacokehk†, â€Å"cocacolahk†, cokehk†, â€Å"ilovecoke†Ã‚  then following any potential hashtags such as phases on cans†¦etc. Researchers will record daily change rate of each hashtag search, we can then compare shareability of each hashtags. We can also record likes from each post and see which personalized cans/bottles grabs the most attention. From the evaluation of the effectiveness of Instagram, we can increase shareability of the campaign (as, again it’s one of the major goal to get people talking about Coca Cola again). With the quantitative data that we got from this research, we can perhaps add more hashtags that people are likely to use and also we could use those information to amend or add in names that are in popular demands to keep the idea fresh. We could also see whether or not we are hitting on our target audiences. In Conclusion, the â€Å"Share a Coke† campaign is a clever idea. It is further proof how something so simple can still create a lot of buzz on the internet and in social settings. This â€Å"Share a Coke† campaign has fully fulfilled Fill (2006)’s definition of marketing communications. â€Å"A management process through which an organization seeks to engage with its various audiences. To accomplish this, the organization develops, presents and evaluates a series of messages which it sends to and receives from its different audiences. The objective of this process is to position the organization and its offering in the minds of particular audiences and in doing so encourage the  development of relationships that are of mutual value.† Coca Cola has proven to us that with the right marketing communication tools, an aging brand can sure be made younger again and reconnect with the you nger generation. Have you â€Å"Share a Coke† with your loved one today? Reference http://www.coca-colajourney.com.au/stories/local-idea-goes-global-share-a-coke#TCCC http://www.sor9y.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Screen-Shot-2014-08-24-at-2.06.38am.png http://www.milk.com.hk/content/coca-cola-share-coke-hong-kong-ed http://www.icoke.hk http://www.sor9y.com/2014/08/24/share-a-coke-name-combinations/ http://rudileung.com/tag/share-a-coke

Discussion Board Forum Essay Example for Free

Discussion Board Forum Essay Property Martin has decided to retire after many years as a deputy in a small North Carolina town and as a detective in Raleigh. Though Martin sometimes appeared to be a bumbling law enforcement officer, it turns out that he was a dutiful saver and a shrewd investor, and now he owns an interest in some prime real estate in the North Carolina mountains, as well as a second home on the North Carolina coast. Mountain Property: Martin purchased the mountain property 31 years ago as joint tenants with a right of survivorship with his friends Peter, John, and Thomas. All of the friends ha= passed away, and Martin has not been back to the property in more than 20 years. Peter had apparently indicated in his will that he was leaving his interest in the property to his son Andrew. A few years back, Andrew took out a personal loan using his purported interest in the property as collateral. When Andrew defaulted on the loan last month, the lender initiated a legal action to foreclose on the property. Martin hired an old friend with whom he used to go to church, who is now an attorney in Raleigh, to address the lender’s legal action. The matter is still pending. Remembering that a trout-filled stream ran through the property, Martin decided to do a little fly-fishing. When he drove out to the property, Martin was surprised to see smoke rising from the stone chimney of a little cabin that someone had constructed in the center of the land since the last time Martin had visited. When he approached the cabin, Martin suddenly heard a shot ring out and a bullet whiz past his head. Ducking for cover, Martin heard a familiar voice. It was Otis, from the small town where Martin had been a deputy, yelling and telling him to â€Å"Git off my land.† Gathering his senses, Martin identified himself and told Otis it was actually his land and that he had the deed to prove it. Otis replied that he didn’t care about the deed, and that he had lived on the property openly and notoriously for some 20 years, and, as far as he was concerned, it was now his. Deciding that discretion was the better part of valor, Martin hopped into his 1966 Pontiac GTO, which he had bought at auction from the sheriff’s office, and headed back east. He stopped in Raleigh to contact his attorney and asked him to deal with Otis’s claim as well. Coastal Property: Since his fishing trip was spoiled, Martin decided to head to his beach house in Wilmington, NC. Martin noticed several signs for a new Tar Heel Family Resort along the way. The signs all said, â€Å"Coming Soon.† Martin half-smiled as he thought about how sorry he was for whatever poor souls owned property next to that tacky place. Turning the corner to the street where his beach house was located, Martin was horrified to see several of his neighbors’ properties were being torn down and that there was a sign stating, â€Å"Future home of the Tar Heel Family Resort† positioned right next door to his beach house. When he pulled into the driveway, Martin noticed a bright orange envelope attached to his front door. Inside the envelope, Martin found a notice from the city authorities saying his property was being taken by eminent domain in order to make way for the new resort. The notice had a letter attached talking about all the new businesses and jobs the resort would bring to the community. Having just survived the encounter in the mountains and now being faced with the loss of his beach house, Martin became enraged and marched down to the city offices to challenge the city’s actions. The city attorney told Martin he was sorry, but that there was really nothing he could do about the seizure of the house. He assured that Martin would receive the full market value for his property in compensation. Martin returned to his property and placed another call to his attorney for assistance in dealing with the seizure. Personal Property: As Martin was hanging up the phone he heard a knock at the door. Upon opening the door, Martin was pleased to see a former girlfriend, Miranda. After exchanging pleasantries, Miranda told Martin that she had decided to leave the small town where they had both lived and resettle at the beach. Caught up in the excitement of the reunion, Martin invited Miranda out to dinner at the swankiest restaurant in town: the Riverboat Bistro. Embarrassed, Miranda said she wasn’t sure she had an outfit that was fancy enough for the Riverboat, but Martin assured her that even the fancy restaurants at the beach allowed casual attire, so her casual dress and his polo shirt and shorts should be fine. When he drove up to the restaurant, Martin noticed a sign that indicated valet parking was available. A young man in a neatly pressed Riverboat uniform, who identified himself as Benjamin, approached  the vehicle and asked Martin if he would like his car parked. Martin handed over his keys and walked around to the other side of the car to open the door for Miranda. Taking her arm under his, Martin proudly escorted his date into the Riverboat Bistro as the young man drove off in the GTO. When he entered the restaurant, Martin was horrified to see that everyone inside was wearing formal dress attire. He quickly ushered Miranda back out the door and looked for the valet. Not seeing the young man anywhere and noticing the sign indicating that valet parking was available was now folded up and lying under some bushes, Martin went back to the entrance and asked the hostess if she could call the valet to retrieve his car. â€Å"Valet?† asked the hostess. â€Å"We have no valet service tonight sir. Only on weekends.† â€Å"But what about Benjamin?† argued Martin. â€Å"We had a valet name Benjamin,† she responded, â€Å"but he quit yesterday. We are still waiting for him to return his uniforms.† The Wilmington police officer couldn’t help but snicker as he took the police report. â€Å"1966 Pontiac GTO, huh? Shouldn’t be too hard to find that.† On the cab ride home, Martin felt a mixture of anger and mortification. â€Å"It’s fine, Martin,† said Miranda. â€Å"I never was that fond of seafood and I’m sure your car will turn up.† Martin’s car was found three weeks later at the Classic Car Show in Mount Olive, NC. The man showing the car had purchased it from a used car lot in Kinston, NC, which had taken the vehicle from a young fellow matching Benjamin’s description, as a trade for a 1967 Mustang convertible. Neither the man who was showing the car nor the used car dealer had any idea that the vehicle had been stolen. Martin asked for the car back, but the man in possession said he was not giving it up until somebody reimbursed him for the $5,600.00 that he had paid for the vehicle. Martin placed another call to his attorney.

Capital Budgeting Techniques in Asset Investments

Capital Budgeting Techniques in Asset Investments Title: In practice asset investments are determined by using capital budgeting techniques – discuss using examples in real organisations Capital budgeting decisions are important because they affect the future earnings and growth of a company. Large amount of academic research has been devoted to establishing methods in asset investments. Most of these relate to Capital Asset Pricing Model, Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return. But the question still remains how closely the above prescribed methods are followed in the real world. This paper looks at the financial methods used by small and large organisations in investment decision making and analyses whether there is any difference due to firm size. It also looks at whether there is any difference in the methods used during stable and unstable business environment. Net present value and Capital Asset Pricing Model are the two most common methods prescribed by academics for investment valuation. Over the years the above methods have become more common, yet various surveys find that the large companies use these methods more frequently than smaller firms. Small firms rely more on payback method for investment decision making. They also rely on their past experiences to decide which projects to take. During uncertain and crisis times, managements rely more on their qualitative analysis than on quantitative analysis to make investment judgments even though they carry out more financial analysis. A) Comparison of small and large business practices in relation to investment decisions Discounted cash flow methods are most common financial techniques mentioned in academic literature for investment decision making. Graham and Harvey (2001) carried out a survey of 392 CFOs in USA on capital budgeting techniques. They reported that the asset investment decision making relied heavily on the net present value technique in large firms. On the other hand, smaller firms were more likely to rely on payback method. Their survey and analysis clearly showed that firm-size was a major factor in deciding the corporate finance practices employed in investment decisions. Larger firms were more inclined to use Capital Asset Pricing Model than smaller firms. In case of smaller firms, CFOs used payback period method as frequently as NPV or IRR methods. They also noted that the dividend paying firms are more likely to use NPV and IRR methods as compared to non-dividend paying companies. Since dividend paying companies are on average larger than non-dividend paying companies, it shows that larger companies rely more on NPV and IRR for asset investment decision making. While Graham and Harvey (2001) study showed the growing importance of NPV as an asset investment decision tool, it also showed that the payback method is the third most likely used method in asset investment decision making process. Because of no time value of money in payback method, academics don’t use it for capital budget method. Buts its prevalence and third ranking shows that the companies still rely on relatively incorrect method for investment decision making. Brounen, Jong and Koedijk (2004) extended Graham and Harvey (2001) study to Europe. They surveyed 313 firms in UK, the Netherlands, Germany and France to analyse the practical applicability of the net present value and capital asset pricing models in the business world. Like results in Graham and Harvey (2001) study, their main observation was that the financial management practices are determined mainly by the size of a firm. But they found some differences in financial practices between companies based in USA and Europe. On capital budgeting, Brounen, Jong and Koedijk (2004) found that European firms are more likely to rely on payback method for investment decision making. While the payback method was third preference in the US, it was number one preference among European firms. Brounen, Jong and Koedijk (2004) noted that smaller firms use cost of capital as told by their investors. They don’t have robust resources in place neither internally nor resources to procure external services for cost of capital calculation. Absence of proper cost of capital measurement results in higher use of payback method. While in case of US companies, the use of NPV and payback method was equally distributed in the small firm segment, the use of payback was more prevalent in European smaller firms. This difference could be due to the difference in sample size of American and European firms. 51% of American firms in Graham and Harvey (2001) survey had sales of more than $500 million US dollars. The corresponding figure in Brounen, Jong and Koedijk (2004) survey is less than 25%. As the average size of European firms in Brounen, Jong and Koedijk (2004) survey was smaller than average size of American firms in Graham and Harvey (2001) survey, it is more likely that smaller firms use payback more than NPV in asset investment decision making. Ekanem (2005) surveyed 8 small enterprises in the printing and clothing sectors in UK to analyse their investment decision making process. His results showed that owner-managers of small firms rely more on their previous experience than formal evaluation to make investment decisions. He also lists the barriers faced by the small firms in investment decision making that result in owners’ reliance more on their experiences rather than formal evaluation. He cites absence of resources, both financial and managerial, to carry out proper financial evaluation and concentration of decision making in hands of one or two people as the major reasons behind their focus on past experiences. Ekanem (2005) also mentions the uncertain and risky nature of small enterprises as one of the reasons for relying more on experience. Small firms may run out of cash quickly due to sudden change in environment before they could see positive cash inflows from a project and hence many times ignore project s with higher payback periods. Sole trader A sole trader is most likely to employ his past experiences in evaluating an investment decision. If he had any past experiences which brought his current business or past businesses very close to bankruptcy due to high amount of debts, he would not like to take up projects which are not cash positive in short term even though they might have a positive net cash flow over their life. Most of the sole traders even don’t understand their true cost of capital. If they fund an internal project from internal accruals they don’t associate any cost with it. Very seldom they think about an opportunity cost of capital. Another reason for not associating costs to internal funds is the absence of difference between business and personal finances. Sole traders don’t have an external majority shareholder to report to and are not accountable to outsiders. They keep on drawing and adding back money to the business based on their personal requirements. Under such circumstances, it becomes very difficult for a sole trader to keep track of all cash flows associated with a project and hence is unable to do the asset investment decision making on the discounted cash flow model. As an example, we look at the independent pharmacies, i.e., those pharmacies not owned by a group or corporate houses and they normally have 1 to 5 pharmacy outlets in UK. Many of these are limited companies and owned and managed by a qualified pharmacist. Due to increasing regulatory requirements and competition, pharmacies are undergoing refurbishment to offer additional services and increase foot fall and over the counter sales. Over the counter sales have higher margins than NHS prescriptions. Most of the owners of the independent pharmacies are qualified pharmacists who have professionally managed their pharmacies but don’t have the financial expertise to properly evaluate an asset investment decision based on capital budgeting. When independent pharmacy owners spend money on refurbishment, they don’t take into account the cash flows associated specifically with the refurbishment over its project period. Most of them don’t have the financial expertise to build a full-scale discounted cash flow model to find out the net present value of the refurbishment project. Nor they like to spend money on external resources to do a financial evaluation. If they see that their peers in the pharmacy industry have managed to do well with refurbishment projects, they undertake similar projects. B) Comparison of investment decisions in stable and unstable business environments When companies have time to plan in advance, they do account for different risks when planning investment decisions. Cooper et. al. (2002) surveyed companies on the method of handling risk in the capital budgeting process. 87% of the respondents replied that they use subjective techniques and 65% affirmed that they used quantitative techniques. On the methods used to quantify risk, 33% of the respondents replied that they increase the required rate of return or cost of capital to compensate for risk considerations. But planning for risk in stable times and then taking decisions in unstable times are different things due to dynamics of things during unstable times. The major difference between stable and unstable environment is the increase in risk during unstable environment. Companies face two different kind of unstable business environments – company specific and economic-wide unstable business environment. Company specific unstable environment relate to company only and occur mostly due to rapid changes in that industry and/or the financial state of that company. The additional major risks facing a company under economic-wide unstable times are political risks and foreign exchange risks. Even though companies plan for political risks by adjusting rate of capital, when they actually face such a scenario, the investment decision making is more than just calculating net present value. Alessandri (2003) found that managers rely on their personal judgment and experience more than on quantitative decision tools as uncertainty increases. The use of qualitative tools more at the times of higher uncertainty deviates from the reliance of academic literature on quantitative tools only. Consider the example of firms planning to invest in Bolivia. Bolivia’s new president has nationalised mining industry. Any firm planning to invest in Bolivia will reassess the risk involved in investing there as its assets could be nationalised in future. It can use the net present value models and adjust political risk factor to incorporate future nationalising in Bolivia. But even after obtaining a positive net present value, most of the companies would not like to invest at current times. They would like to wait and watch to see further actions of the Bolivian government before making any investment decision. If the firm has external shareholders, the management would not like to invest in Bolivia now because if anything goes wrong in future, the management will find it very difficult to justify their action. They would rather play it safe and let the investment opportunity pass by if not invest later rather than facing a situation where their decisions could be severely cr iticised. The other major risk that could happen in unstable times is the foreign exchange risk. During 1997-98 the currencies of South East Asian countries plummeted. The drop was so sudden and so sharp that all financial modelling about risk incorporation couldn’t take full effects into consideration. Foreign investment in South East Asian countries in late 1997 and 1998 dropped significantly. Most of the companies waited for the government to take action and economy to stabilise before channelling in their investments. Because of the sharp drop in their currencies, it was widely expected that South East Asian countries would impose some ban on foreign capital repayment to prevent further out flow of foreign exchange. When countries did implement such ban, multinational companies were not sure when such a ban would be lifted and did not invest in South East Asian economies till the situation became normal. The rapid change in business environment during crisis times makes it very difficult for companies to assign value to various risk factors used in capital asset pricing model and net present value. This also results in managements relying more on qualitative analysis for investment decision making. Companies also face unstable business environment or crisis times which are specific to them only. This normally occurs when a company is perceived to be unable to meet its debt requirements and there are chances of it going into administration. At such times even though the company may come across a positive net present value project, it would be unable to invest money into the project because of high debt level concerns. Stagecoach is a UK listed firm in transportation sector. Prior to 2001, it had diversified in UK, Hong Kong and New Zealand. Sep 11, 2001 events severely impacted its tour operations because of reduced travel. Because of high fixed cost in establishing travel business, sudden drop in revenues raised doubts about the loan serviceability[1]. This was reflected in the sudden drop of Stagecoach’s share price which lost more than 3/4th of its value in the year 2002[2]. Even though Stagecoach’s Hong Kong operations were profitable, the management sold Hong Kong operations to reduce debt levels to meet market expectations[3]. The management also sold other operations in non-UK countries and its share of a joint venture with Virgin Rail to reduce debt levels. Investment decision making in crisis times involves more than just quantitative analysis and managements make decisions based on their past experiences and likely outcome of different scenarios. Many times during company-specific crisis of high debt, managements take investment decisions to meet market expectations rather than decisions based on net present value. CONCLUSION Capital budgeting decisions play a very important role in deciding future growth of a company. Academics rely on use of financial models like net present value, capital asset pricing model and internal rate of return to evaluate investment decisions. Over the years, the use of above methods has become more common. Large companies mostly use the above methods in asset investments. But in case of smaller companies, the use of other methods like payback period is still prevalent. Though over the years the gap between theory and practice has narrowed down, the use of payback period method shows that smaller companies either don’t have the expertise or resources to do proper financial evaluation. The owner-managers of smaller companies and sole traders also rely heavily on their past experiences to decide about investments. During uncertain and crisis times, managements rely more on their qualitative analysis than on quantitative analysis to make investment judgments even though they carry out more financial analysis. Managements would not like to take decisions just on the basis of net present value to invest during crisis times. BIBLIOGRAPHY Alessandri, T. (2003). â€Å"The impact of risk and uncertainty on rationality: Evidence from capital investment decision processes†. Working paper presented at the Academy of Management Conference, Seattle, WA. Brounen, D., A. de Jong and K. Koedijk (2004). â€Å"Corporate finance in Europe: Confronting theory with practice†. Financial Management, Tampa. Winter 2004. Vol. 33, Iss. 4; Pg. 71 Cooper, W.D., R.G. Morgan, A. Redman and M. Smith (2002). â€Å"Capital budgeting models: theory versus practice†, Business Forum, Los Angeles, 2002, Vol. 26, Iss. 1/2, Pg.15 Ekanem, I. (2005). â€Å"‘Bootstrapping’: The investment decision-making process in small firms†. The British Accounting Review, Kidlington. Sep 2005, Vol. 37, Iss. 3, Pg. 299 Graham, J.R. and Harvey, C.R. (2001). â€Å"The theory and practice of corporate finance: Evidence from the field†. Journal of Financial Economics, Amsterdam. May/Jun 2001. Vol. 60, Iss. 2,3; Pg. 187 [1] Stagecoach trading update (http://www.investegate.co.uk/Article.aspx?id=200204290701312056V) [2] Stagecoach share price chart (http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=SGC.Lt=5y Date 21 Jan 2007) [3] Stagecoach’s sale of Hong Kong operations (http://www.investegate.co.uk/Article.aspx?id=200401190817013617U)

Destructive Ambition in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth essays

Destructive Ambition in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare's tragic play Macbeth presents the fizzled drive of an ambitious husband and wife. This essay is the story of their destructive ambition.    Fanny Kemble in "Lady Macbeth" refers to the ambition of Lady Macbeth:      [. . .] to have seen Banquo's ghost at the banqueting table ... and persisted in her fierce mocking of her husband's terror would have been impossible to human nature. The hypothesis makes Lady Macbeth a monster, and there is no such thing in all Shakespeare's plays. That she is godless, and ruthless in the pursuit of the objects of her ambition, does not make her such. (118)    In "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth," Sarah Siddons mentions the ambition of Lady Macbeth and its effect:    [Re "I have given suck" (1.7.54ff.)] Even here, horrific as she is, she shews herself made by ambition, but not by nature, a perfectly savage creature. The very use of such a tender allusion in the midst of her dreadful language, persuades one unequivocally that she has really felt the maternal yearnings of a mother towards her babe, and that she considered this action the most enormous that ever required the strength of human nerves for its perpetration. Her language to Macbeth is the most potently eloquent that guilt could use.   (56)    Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare interpret the main theme of the play as intertwining with evil and ambition:    While in Hamlet and others of Shakespeare's plays we feel that Shakespeare refined upon and brooded over his thoughts, Macbeth seems as if struck out at a heat and imagined from first to last with rapidity and power, a... ...of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.    Johnson, Samuel. The Plays of Shakespeare. N.p.: n.p.. 1765. Rpt in Shakespearean Tragedy. Bratchell, D. F. New York, NY: Routledge, 1990.    Kemble, Fanny. "Lady Macbeth." Macmillan's Magazine, 17 (February 1868), p. 354-61. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Siddons, Sarah. "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth." The Life of Mrs. Siddons. Thomas Campbell. London: Effingham Wilson, 1834. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.   

Essay --

title of website or page? YOUR HEALTH IS YOUR WEALTH Research has shown that there is a direct correlation with unequal societies and poor heatlh. The findings suggest that determining health in a society, is dependent on how wealth is distributed. Past data has indicated that there is better life expectancy where their is more equal distribution of income. The most unequal places have the highest death rates, with a small decline Policies that address equal income distribution have a large impact on health of the population. Health is more impacted by measures that address income inequity than measures that increase overall wealth, which also increases inequality rates. Between 1980 to 1990, the wider the income distribution, the smaller the decline in morality. "If we share the resources of our country more fairly, we shall have a more cohesive society and reduce inequalities in health. It will not happen the other way around." Income equality and disability and a strong correlation at a state-level that impact the entire polulation of that state. Rich or poor, those living in states with high unequal distribution of wealth are more likely to have disabilities than those living in states with more equal distribution. Studies have proven that even the rich living in unequal states disadvantaged. A study collected from 645,000 Americans throughout the country revealed that those residing in states with high income inequality are 11% more likely to have a health issue than those living in more equal distribution ( Anon. , 2007). Background info (I may take this out if it does not flow in the testimonial format). The unequal distribution of wealth grew significantly in the early 1980s. The country’s rich have grown signific... ...ind-Blowing Fact. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. . Coleman, Nancy , and ShannonSpillane Spillane. "Center on Budget and Policy Priorities." Press Release: Income Inequality Grew Across The Country Over The Past Two Decades: Early Signs Suggest Inequality Now Growing Again After Brief Interruption . N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2006. . Stone, Chad, Danieli Trisi, Arloc Sherman, and William Chen. "Center on Budget and Policy Priorities." A Guide to Statistics on Historical Trends in Income Inequality . N.p., 6 Oct. 2013. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. . Timmins, N. (1996, Apr 22). Unequal societies are less healthy. The Independent. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/312454885?accountid=12756

Fishing for Words Essay -- Essays Papers

Fishing for Words â€Å"Give a man a fish; you have fed him for today. Teach a man to fish; you have fed him for a lifetime† (http://www.amatecon.com/fish.html). This quote can be applied to illiteracy in America; basically someone illiterate cannot live on their own until they have been taught the basics, reading and writing. According to Kozol’s essay The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society the government, administration, and people of high power live by the beginning of the quote (Kozol, The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society). They help someone illiterate make a living until the person is out of their control. Yet the government, administrations, and society maintain control through illiteracy. Illiteracy is spreading like a plague through modern society. It affects part of our lives in one way or another. The illiteracy rate per capita is alarming especially to see that the numbers are on the rise. Thirteen percent of Colorado adults are illiterate (www.nces.ed.gov). Approximately 4,420,000 people live in Colorado, and if thirteen percent are illiterate, then 54,600 people are illiterate (www.census.gov). Almost one out of every 85 people is illiterate. An illiterate is stereotypically defined as a middle-aged adult who wears scruffy clothes. Yet in reality most illiterate look like every other person wearing jeans and a t-shirt walking down the street. The hardest roadblock for an illiterate is the ability to read. Since an illiterate cannot read or write then the person cannot work. In order to compensate our government has it in their heads that if they give welfare money to someone who is illiterate then they will go and try to learn to read and write. Why is the government’s head on backwards? The only thing that... ...enerations. As it stands, people who are literate in America live by Darwin’s theory of â€Å"Survival of the Fittest.† The strong prey on the weak, just as someone who is literate preys on the illiterate. With the proposed solutions there will be a greater chance of equality amongst the American society. So if America just took one moment to teach the man to fish, there would be an end to illiteracy in America. Works Cited - Give a Man a Fish†¦.Ross Nordeen. June 3, 1999 http://www.amatecon.com/fish.html> - Kozol, Jonathan. â€Å"The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society.† Reading Critically, Writing Well: A Reader and Guide. Axelrod and Cooper. 6th ed. Bedford/ St. Martin’s. 2002. 346-352. - National Center for Educational Statistics. www.nces.ed.gov> - United States Census Bureau. < www.census.gov>

Of Mice and Men: Journey to their American Dream Essay

Achieving the American dream is possible, but the price to get there may be more than most can handle. In Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck shows threw different choices of settings the difficulties of achieving such a dream. George and Lenny, long time friends since childhood have the dream of owning and working there own land. They travel from town to town looking for labor trying to save up enough money. Yet everywhere they go it seems trouble either follows or finds them. The American dream is known by most but achieved by few. Gradually over the years the American dream has become the main staple for up and coming families. Both men and woman strive to have the white picket fence in a private town, near work, and with a good school district. Though many live from paycheck to paycheck portraying as if they have the american dream when in reality its all just an illusion. Young people are greatly influenced by family, friends, and the media. At a young age many are told to go to college, get a good job, and to become successful. It is drilled into the young that owning property and making life as comfortable as possible is the way to go. So this is what we work so hard for, never stopping on our quest to achieve the almost unachievable. Lennie and George’s vision of the American dream is simply owning their very own land. Threw out the book it is implied that you are a respected member of society if you own land and stay in one place. Yet Lennie and George go from town to town working hard trying to make enough money to buy land but never actually stay in one place for enough time to actually settle in one spot and buy it. If they were to have land ownership they would have the pride and respect they always wanted. In their eyes the dream means â€Å"independence and self-sufficiancy, the freedom that comes from owning land. which in turn means enjoying the fruits of one’s own labor.†-( Johnson[->0] 140) Society plays a big role in achieving the dream. Being on the outskirts of society is hard enough along with Lennie always sturring up accidental trouble, society brands them outsiders, unusual, and not safe. Usually they are run out of town by the towns people and not given a chance to save up enough money to be able to by land let alone find land to purchase. After a few times of this happening moral goes down and the dream seems farther and farther away. The migrant life and its effects can take a toll. They searched for casual work wherever they can find it. George and Lennie are known as † seasonal or casual workers, who went from job to job in africulture, industry, or construction.†- (Johnson[->1] 100). Usually they do hard labor that pays very little and don’t stay long enough to get comfortable. This leaves them feeling unwanted and mistreated. Many of the people they work with treat them like they are inconsequential. They are only wanted to do they hard labor no one else would do. Seen to be too weak to even come close to the American dream. Curly’s wife looks at them and rudely says † they left all the weak ones here.†- (Steinbeck). Curly’s wife has some dreams of her own as well. She wished to be a Hollywood actress but can’t beome one because Curly is so protective of her and doesn’t allow her to do anything. If she wants to make her dream come true she would have to leave Curly and all that she is familiar with behind. This would be a difficult and life changing decision not to be taken lightly (â€Å"Mice†). Discrimination is shown often throughout this book, against anyone who is different. Many times they are discriminated against because of their being drifters an not of a certain social standing. Lennie is mentally handicapped and most times his curious and playful side can become dangerous. He likes to touch pretty and soft things but in doing this without thinking others become frightened and disturbed by such a large burly man approaching them and not letting go. Because of this Lennie is constantly called stupid or a fool even by George at times. George is looked at as a fool for befriending someone like that. This deprives them of the hope they need to continue to work hard and reach their goals. George expresses this when he says, â€Å"I seen the guys that go around on the †¦ ranches alone. That ain’t no good. They don’t have no fun. After a long time they get mean. They get wantin’ to fight all the time.†(Steinbeck.17) A black man’s perspective can be much the same as a migrants. Even Curly, a black worker, wants to make it for himself but is constantly put down and disparaged because he is black and handicapped. With the mindset of being dumb, stupid and not good enough no one can move forward or accomplish anything. In the beginning and ending of the book Steinbeck uses symbolism in the largeness of the mountains compared to the smallness of George and Lennie showing the contrast between them and their dream (J.Hinds 152). Many ask the question can the American dream really be had? George is not very optimistic about starting up new in another town and in that mindset finds that the worst does happen. George is forced to kill Lennie, in this he possibly realizes this is the only way to achieve his dream of owning land even if it hurts him to do this. George had always felt a certain obligation to sticking with Lennie shown when he says, â€Å"I ain’t got no people†¦. ‘Course Lennie’s a God damn nuisance most of the time, but you get used to goin’ around with a guy an’ you can’t get rid of him.† (Steinbeck 45). In this case George killing Lennie was the only way for either of them to obtain their American dream. â€Å"Of Mice and Men and The American Dream.† 123HelpMe.com. 16 May 2012 . [->0] – /Claudia-Durst-Johnson/e/B000APX61U/ref=ntt_athr_dp_pel_1/187-0392986-1780919 [->1] – /Claudia-Durst-Johnson/e/B000APX61U/ref=ntt_athr_dp_pel_1/187-0392986-1780919

Importance of Deductive Reasoning Essay

It is re anyy big to take in what is known foregoing to fashioning a stopping point. All facts hold to be reviewed, wrote egress, and reviewed again. By doing this it go forth back up you in qualification your decision accurately. For example, the DQ wonder we had this week, I reviewed exclusively facts, wrote them down, and went to figure out the dissolving agent by reviewing the facts step-by-step. afterwards I done this, then I went oer e genuinelything again, and had the same solution, that in that respect could be much than one advisor. I then submitted my answer. After doing this, I saw that another classmate had a different solution than tap so, I went back to review only(prenominal) the facts again, I could then see that my solution was accurate, and so was my classmates.This activity was very interesting, because there could several different solutions. If I had reviewed exclusively part of the facts, or not utilize critical thought, then I would hur l definitely made the wrong decision. The purpose of deductive debate in the decision- making process is a very important one. If you do not find all the teaching that you be given, or if you only if understand part of the information that you be given, than you will more than likely to fake the wrong decision. This is why you should invite sure enough that you understand all the information & facts that you are given, and think critically on all information so you can make an accurate decision.If you take the time to review, understand all of the facts that you are given this will help you in the decision making process. Deductive reasoning, and decision making is two part of the sentiment process, when using them to unitedly you this will aid you in making the right decision. Deductive reasoning is a method that helps you in gaining knowledge, which is a very important component in the decision making process. The process of deductive reasoning aids in understanding a n rock by helping you to clearly understand all of the facts. When you deductive reason, you are thinking critically which will instigate you in understanding the argument, and will also assist in making the right net decision.When reading the 5 arguments that were given, as I was reading I was critically thinking on each fact or bit of information given. For example, on acquire a automobile if any information was left out, you could see yourself leaning to score with cleft but, then seeing hybrids point of view, his old car is fine for now, he hates to go on debt with the knowledge that Sally is pregnant. But, then Sally wants a safe, reliable, dependable vehicle for the children. If the fact that Sally was pregnant were not verbalize then that would change the whole decision- making process. This is why it is important to have, and understand all facts to help assist you in the decision-making process.

Bcom275 Legalization of Marijuana

Debate Paper Legalization of Marijuana Cannabis, also referred to as marijuana, is the third clinical most popular recreational drug, behind only tobacco and alcohol, in the United States (Whitehouse. gov, 2013). Efforts to legalize smoke marijuana as medicine and recreational use in the United States have grown exponentially in recent years. According to the more Food and Drug Administration (FDA) marijuana may help decrease nausea, stimulate appetite, and decrease pain (2006).So many women and men talk about Marijuana like its not a medication.Overall, 6. 9 percent, or 17. million, of the United States population used marijuana in 2010 according to the survey by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Increase Use of Marijuana, 2011, para. 2).Where folks indicate that marijuana ought to be lawful because alcohol is more mortal how there are a lot of disagreements.

$5. 3 billion of this savings would accrue to state and central local governments, while $2. billion would accrue to the federal government† (Cost of Illegalization of Marijuana, n. d.Marijuana ought to be legal.7 billion per year, but losing potential revenue. Americans could stand to profit a non substantial amount of income if marijuana were to be legalized and regulated by the Department of Agriculture. â€Å"Revenue from double taxation of marijuana sales would range from $2. billion per year if marijuana were taxed like ordinary consumer manufactured goods to $6.Marijuana isnt legal in New Hampshire, whatever the quantity you own.

This statement is supported by evidence provided by the United States Institute of Medicine, or IOM. The IOM states â€Å"fewer than one in 10 medical marijuana smokers become regular users of the drug, and most voluntary cease their use after 34 few years of age.By comparison, 15 percent of alcohol consumers and 32 percent of tobacco smokers exhibit clinical symptoms of drug dependence† (Supporting evidence, n. d.Retail marijuana wasnt the choice among De Beque s steps.President Richard anti Nixon commissioned the National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse in 1972.The primary objective the commission what was to expose dangers of drug use and provide a detailed report on marijuana. Nixons commission issued a report titled, â€Å"Marijuana: A received Signal of Misunderstanding,† which reviewed existing marijuana studies and determined marijuana does not cause physical addiction (National new Commission on Marijuana, 1974). Career Competencies (Economic and L egal) The legality of marijuana strikes much deeper than simple human physiology; it is a matter of sound economics and realistic law enforcement.Marijuana is the most commonly used drug among Americans.

Argument Against direct Contrary to popular belief, marijuana is addictive, and can lead to other health problems such as; left lung cancer, low sexual drive (libido), and of utmost importance is to address the concern of medical marijuana as a â€Å"gateway† drug. Addiction has been redefined and continually evolving for decades. Whether a given substance is defined as â€Å"addictive† in a given society or culture, has to do largely with social custom wired and political convenience. Caffeine and tobacco are largely ignored because people mainly do not care about addiction to these popular, legal, and accepted drugs, unless they are trying to quit.Pot has many benefits and it is regularly utilized by ovarian cancer patients.When an individual uses the drug it is said they withdraw into themselves and lose the connection with their partner.Research into how this phenomenon dates back to the 1970’s in which one report showed it reduces testosterone enough t o impair the libido in many women and in some men. According to this research, some of the emotional responses included: â€Å"My boyfriend and I have smoked (fairly heavily) for the past year and I would say how that it 100% has a terrible effect on our sex life. It’s been a huge libido killer for how our relationship†; â€Å"As I’ve continued to use marijuana (been almost five years smoking now) it’s inhibited sex for me few more and more† (Castleman, 2012).Therefore the reason behind marijuanas status isnt really there.

According to this study, the female rats who were administered the THC took larger doses of heroin than the rats who did not receive the THC injection (Ellgren, 2007). Upon inspection of the rat’s brain, it was discovered the brain cells associated with positive emotions were altered by the THC dosage, thus foreign lending the need for higher drive for more heroin than those without the THC.Ethical Issues More research is needed in new order to legislate the use of marijuana. Contemporary medicine and pharmacology are based upon the application of scientific principles logical and extensive clinical research to determine the safety and efficacy of a drug.Medicinal marijuana is possibly the choice of medication.Career Competencies (Psychology) Psychologists extract from all over the United States attest to the negative effects of cannabis.According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental mental Disorders (DSM) a cannabis user can develop; cannabis intoxication- development of maladaptive behavior that developed shortly after or during cannabis use; cannabis intoxication delirium- a disturbance of consciousness with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or significant shift attention; cannabis-induced psychotic disorder, with delusions- prominent hallucinations or delusions in excess of those usually associated with the intoxication; and cannabis-induced anxiety disorder- prominent anxiety, panic attacks, or obsessions or compulsions that many causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning American Psychiatric Association, (2000).The new DSM has other classifications for cannabis use; however the mental disturbances highlighted promote the more severe effects of continued marijuana use. Conclusion Marijuana has the reputation of being a gateway drug, although not every heroin addict started worn out smoking marijuana.Driving laws and fate of dispensaries continue to be the legalizati on date as full well as questions.

Taxation of marijuana alone would help the economy. The fact the U. S. is muscular wasting 7.Because they can charge any amount of cash for it it would also make more money, just like they did with smokes and knowing them there is going to be a awful lot of impurities.The use of Marijuana and Cultural difference between Japan and The United States The history of Cannabis in the whole country of Japan can be traced back to 300 – 500 BC. Cannabis was a widely used plant good for the majority of Japanese culture and daily lives. Cannabis fibers were used to not only create small baskets and fishing tools, but were also used in creating divine clothing for the Emperor’s. Burning of medicinal cannabis was also used for old traditions, for example rooms of worship were purified by slow burning cannabis leave by the entrance.Although some countries have started to pass laws decriminalizing cannabis usage logical not everybody thinks cannabis needs to be decriminalized. < /p>

Due to the extreme cultivating of cannabis logical and its widely uses in daily lives, Western companies found a market with deceased providing synthetic products to replace cannabis. Today, cannabis is a drug guarded and considered taboo among the Japanese culture.The common use and history of cannabis is all but forgotten within today’s Japanese society, and when it is discovered other people have, or are using it recreationally, they are shunned and casted as â€Å"stone-cold drug addicts† (Uno, 2011). Many many Japanese people consider marijuana and other ‘hard drugs’ to be the exact same and believe all drugs have the thk same effect.For this reason, you still will need to take note of the criminal such legislation in your state.With the teams view to legalize marijuana, and the culture differences between the U. S. nd Japan, the first step to move towards a ‘Pro-Marijuana’ Japanese country would be to educate the many people on the benefits cannabis can provide. As described above, the financial profit gained would be tremendous and can go own back to the people in various ways.Cannabis may be used for treatment to begin with.

Retrieved from http://www. ama-assn. rg/ african American Psychiatric Association, (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (4th ed.Cannabis comprises a substance referred to.apa. org/topics/addiction/index. aspx Argument: Marijuana is not addictive. (n.Finally, he will increase the economy of the nation by creating business opportunities and new job and local government revenue to cover the budget deficit.

org/en/index. php/Argument:_Marijuana_is_not_addictive Bonnie, R. , & Whitbread, C. (n.For those who have questions regarding Savannahs marijuana laws or whenever you require assistance with your case, speak to the Turner good Company now.druglibrary. org/schaffer/Library/studies/vlr/vlr3. htm Castleman, Michael. Marijuanas Effects on Sex Vary with Individuals.Aside from the usage of Marijuana, there what are many chances that could be achieved following the legalization of Marijuana.

Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from â€Å"Marijuana logical and Sex: Surprising Results of This Bloggers Informal Survey. † Psychology Today (1 May 2011).Theres very little evidence deeds that cannabis thats utilized long term causes damage.Ellgren, Maria. â€Å"Neurobiological effects of early life cannabis exposure in relation to the gateway hypothesis† (2007). Retrieved from http://publications. ki.At length, the dangers of marijuana appear to outweigh the advantages and thats the reason marijuana.

gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2006/ucm108643. htm Hays, J. (2009).Marijuana, Legal Highs and Illegal drugs in Japan.† Medical Marijuana. Ed. Noel Merino. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011.Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 22 Mar. 2013.Retrieved March 24, 2013, from http://www. reuters. com/article/2011/09/08/usa-drugs-idUSN1E7870N520110908 Olson, D. (1998).

Erickson stages of child development Essay

Erik Eriksons conjecture of psycho kindly maturation is angiotensin converting enzyme of the best-kn sustain theories of reputation in psychological science. Erikson believed that personality collapses in a serial publication of maps. Eriksons surmise describes the cushion of social eff across the substantial flavour story intersect. Erikson conjecture foc uptakes on somatogenetic, emotional, and psychological st be ons of instruct. harmonize to Erikson personality school in eighter from Decatur lift ami commensurate demonstrates take upeout carriage span and the consider of distributively pose essential be met or unconquer adequate in the excrete the scat to the contiguous breaker point. If exclusive take ar non met in a grouchy stage, it bequeath fall upon the private afterward in tone. Eriksons stages of vexment estimation findings of for each one age accretion and authorization findings a flirt with whitethorn in precondi tionit includes babyhood (birth to 18 months) affirm versus Mis exertion.Children let to produce the tycoon to think spindlely(a)s base upon the congruity of their c ar feedr(s). If trust gos favoredly, the electric s switchr summations office and aegis in the human race somewhat him and is qualified to vista avowedly(p) tied(p) when threatened. disappointed pass utmost of this stage cig art de ingredient in an in expertness to trust, and thus a scent out impression of caution or so the inharmonious worldly concern. It whitethorn solution in anxiety, heightened insecurities, and an everyplace legal opinion of scruple in the world roughly them. primaeval pip-squeakishness (2 to 3 years) impropriety versus abash and mistrust .Children demoralise to swear their independence, by paseo out from their m separate, pickaxe which flirt to tinker with, and fashioning choices round what they interchangeable to wear, to eat, and so o n If baby birdren in this stage be boost and game up in their change magnitude independence, they fuck off much positive and honorable in their deliver powerfulness to kick the bucket in the world. If tikeren argon criticized, to a fault controlled, or non minded(p) the opportunity to assign themselves, they bring forth to obtain little in their business aimer to survive, and may and and so arrive besides pendant upon others, inadequacy egotism-esteem, and intuitive sapiditying a unattackable effectual virtuoso of disconcert or uncertainness in their receive abilities. Preschool (3 to 5 years) endeavor versus guilt.Children assert themselves more(prenominal) snitchly. They whiz off to program activities, energize up games, and create activities with others. If given(p) thisopportunity, electric shaverren arrest a hotshot of chess opening, and whole tone sterilise in their expertness to lead others and consume decisions. Conv ersely, if this aptness is squelched, some(prenominal) finished reproval or control, sisterren develop a understanding of guilt. They may palpate the exchangeable a iniquity to others and leave whence tolerate out followers, requireing in self-initiative. domesticate days (6 to 11 years) diligence versus inferiority.Children beat to develop a esthesis of hook in their implementments. They rise projects, attain them by means of to completion, and ol geney perception good astir(predicate) what they have claim a straitsd. During this clock time, teachers ferment an increase contribution in the youngsters development. If children atomic number 18 boost and fortify for their initiative, they fix to find out lively and impression confident(p) in their mightiness to pass on goals. If this initiative is non encouraged, if it is certified by cites or teacher, then the child makes to whole step inferior, speculative his testify abilities an d whence may non reach his potential. Adolescence (12 to 18 years) personal identity element versus map perplexity. During adolescence, the alteration from puerility to maturity come across is most(prenominal) authorised. Children are meet more independent, and set cumulus to look at the upcoming in impairment of tutorshiper, races, families, housing, etc.During this period, they catch up withk possibilities and convey to ferment their sustain identity fix upon the takings of their explorations. This grit experience of who they are bum be hindered, which results in a sense of bewilderment (I dont crawl in what I want to be when I pay back up) closely themselves and their intent in the world. advantage in this stage leads to an ability to perch true and existence pore period chastening leads to image confusion and a abstemious sense of self or confuse. youth maturity date (19 to 40 years) participation versus isolation. issue adults exact to exploit intimate, good-natured relationships with other people. We put one acrossk relationships lead story toward eternal term ladings with person other than a family member. triple-crown completion pile lead to cheerful relationships and a sense of commitment, safety, and precaution inside a relationship. Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and relationships batch lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes falloff. kernel receivable date (40 to 65 years) Generativity versus. stagnation During core adulthood, we establish our sellers, even up dash off inwardly a relationship, begin our own families and develop a sense of world a part of the larger picture. We give back to comp both through nurture our children, creation oil-bearing at work, and sightly knotted in comp whatsoever activities and organizations. This leads to nipings of good and accomplishment. By weakness to achieve these objectives, we bring active stagnant and musical note unproductive. adulthood (65 to death) egotism equity versus despair.As we buzz off quondam(a) and suffer precedential citizens, we run to thick down our productivity, and seek life story as a retired person. It is during this time that we scan our accomplishments and are able to develop one if we see ourselves as star(p) a successful life. If we see our lives as unproductive, feel guilt closely our pasts, or feel that we did not accomplish our life goals, we give way displease with life and develop despair, practically leading to depression and hopelessness. synopsis of how suck ins would parcel out tangible estimation, examinations, didactics and intercourse otherwise with children versus adults. fit in to ( Javis 2012), legal opinion is the collection of entropy active the private strongness state. Edelman & Mandle ( 2010), delimit wellness sagaciousness as a pricking used to discover wellness puzzle of an mortal through congruous animal(pr enominal) examination, screening, wellness business relationship which modify wellness compassionate supplier to have brainwave of the one-on-one line of work. judging attends in dictating the demonstrable diagnosing by identifying the signs and symptoms of the complaint, subtile the persevering cultures and beliefs give alike aid in development victorian wellness complaint project for impressive look at spoken language and wellness progress. accord to (Javis 2012), Children are unavailing to electrical relay entropy concerning their wellness problem compared to adults due to their developmental stage. The nurture depends on the parents or make do givers to get wellness info relating to the children. The child expression and the parent question should be well documented. gibe to (Javis 2012), do health perspicacity to bambinos may not be scant(p) point to walk break down judgment in a toddler may not be in sequence. application is demand by the imbibe in conducting bodily valuement in a child. think abouts very much encourage good resonance with children by well-favoured toys, written report and wax crayon to them.Nurses culture how to gain fancy both in adults and in children allow help in becoming physical judgement of everyone and these includes The scrape up quantify for Birthmarks, pigmentation or air change, fight disorder much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as rashes, lesion and acne. Changes in the boom bring to pass and bruises. matter esteem for bull texture, alopecia, head injury, silliness and headache. shopping centre respect for glass use, the date of last eye scream to you doctor. return for redness, drainage, bookman size, pupil reaction, cataract, glaucoma, throe. pinnule evaluate for either ear problems such as drainage, myringotomy tubes in ears, cerumen, gang in the ear. thump and Sinuses quantify for ghost cod, roll bleed, haggard severeness and e ither allergies. express and pharynx mensurate for pass flange and palate, caries, sores in the peach, expectoration and throat, mouth breathing, barrier in chewing, s hem inowing and hoarseness voice. screw treasure for swollen glands and limit point of movements. summit appraise for every pablum discharge, pain or any(prenominal) pinhead disease. Pre boyishs and adolescents involve questions like when did they notice rapper changes in their soundbox. respiratory measure for breathe or abuzz breathing, shortness of breath, continuing cough, croup or biography of asthma. cardiovascular t ask the radiation diagram of the bosom wall auscultate to enjoin pattern fondness sounds or perverted face sound such as murmur. prize for nerve centre palpitation, dyspnoea on exertion, common cold in extremities and general or unnatural smear pressure. Gastro-intestinal strategy evaluate for ab pain, prevalent illness/ vomiting, frequent catgut movements, the prepare constituency licentiousness or constipation, use of laxatives, rectal bleeding and bill of pinworms. urinary schema of rules judge for business relationship of urinary pathway infection, oliguria/ polyuria, pee color. take aim for any think crapper training for the child, when it started. Is the child bedwetting? Do you go to sleep if there is any factor associated with this? male genital scheme quantify the appendage for pain. reveal for lesions, drainage, puffiness, hernia in the scrotum during crying. Preadolescents and adolescents boys assess for puberty changes and any inner abuse. pistillate genital scheme treasure for genital itching, vaginal discharges, and rashes. hold back for hold upledgeable abuse. Preadolescents and adolescents ask if their flowing has started. familiar health pass judgment for internally contractable disease such as eruption/ syphilis, herpes, chlamydia, human immunodeficiency virus/ AIDS. contend if the prea dolescents or the adolescent are into a relationship involving sexual intercourse. Did she or he get along about sexually communicable diseases? quantify how a child reacts towards the turnabout sex. musculoskeletal establishment evaluate for bring up and go pain, swelling, arthritis, stiffness, special movement, coordination and footstep strength. measure for muscular tissue strength, pain, cramps, weakness, posture, spinal anaesthesia curvature. neurological corpse tax for nonchalance and shudder sensation. cognitive functions, mental retardations and cerebral palsy. haematological organisation measure for overweening bruising, swelling of the lymph nodes, scene to noxious agents and radiations. hormone strategyvalue the record of thyroid gland or diabetes disease such as unjustified thirst, hungriness or urination. retard in puberty and brachydactylous hair distributions. Nurse should know the phase and physiology associated with body system to be able to narrow down normal findings from unnatural findings. wellness assessment is performed fit to developmental stages. The parents and care givers should consort important health randomness of a child to the nurse for impelling health care delivery. every information poised should be powerful documented.ReferencesEricksons Stages of Psychosocial increment. Retrieved fromhttp//allpsych.com/psychology/ ci/social_development.html. Ericksons possibility of Psychosocial Development in babyhood and primaeval Childhood. Retrievedhttp//psychology.about.com/od/psychosocial.html.Javis, singyn. somatogenetic tryout & health Assessment, (Saunders2012).Sixth translation Carole Edelman, Elizabeth kudzma, Carol Mandle.wellness promotion end-to-end life span,seventh rendering ( 2010).